{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:15:11Z","timestamp":1770689711409,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/07\/X\/NZ5\/00637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/07\/X\/NZ5\/00637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sarcopenia is defined by decreased muscle strength along with low muscle quantity or quality. The assessment of muscle strength may be performed by grip strength test or chair stand test (CST) and both of these tests are treated as equivalent tools for assessing muscle strength. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) contributes to the progression of sarcopenia, and it is left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDd) which primarily leads to the development of HFpEF. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of muscle strength with echocardiographic parameters of LVDd in patients with CKD and eGFR \u2264 29 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 not treated with dialysis. Methods: The study samples consisted of 46 men with CKD stages G4\u2013G5 not treated with dialysis: 23 participants with HGS &lt; 27 kg and 23 individuals with HGS \u2265 27 kg. The assessment of muscle strength was provided by the hand grip strength (HGS) test and the five-times sit-to-stand test (FTSST). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed with the use of a convex probe in conjunction with a Logiq P6 ultrasound system. Results: In G4\u2013G5 CKD patients, upper limb muscle strength did not correspond to lower limb muscle strength. Participants with prolonged FTSST had a lower mean value of septal e\u2019 and higher mean E\/e\u2019 compared to individuals with correct both HGS and FTSST. Participants with correct HGS and prolonged FTSST had the lowest mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as the lowest mean tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). Conclusions: In G4\u2013G5 CKD patients not treated with dialysis, HGS and FTSST are not equivalent and should not be used interchangeably. In this population, decreased muscle strength is associated with LVDd and FTSST is more sensitive than HGS in the prediction of LVDd. Low muscle strength is also associated with systolic function of the left and right ventricle in G4\u2013G5 CKD patients not treated with dialysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T08:15:54Z","timestamp":1770624954000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle Strength and Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Men: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Romejko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 128 Szaser\u00f3w Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Szamotulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, 17a Kasprzaka Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8151-860X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Niemczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine\u2014National Research Institute, 128 Szaser\u00f3w Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13425","article-title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Duarte","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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