{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:57:06Z","timestamp":1781758626562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yonsei University Future-leading Research Initiative of 2025","award":["RMS2 2025-62-0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RMS2 2025-62-0032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Display-driven optical stimuli underpin a major class of clinically validated digital therapeutics (DTx) now expanding from neuropsychiatric disorders to chronic diseases. The display\u2019s optical characteristics\u2014spectral power distribution, luminance, contrast, and temporal modulation\u2014therefore define the delivered dose of these software-based interventions. In this context, blue-rich emission in the 450\u2013480 nm band, particularly with evening exposure, can suppress melatonin via melanopsin-mediated intrinsically photo-sensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) pathways and perturb circadian timing, potentially attenuating therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes clinical evidence for display-enabled DTx across major indications and synthesizes mechanistic and experimental data linking blue light to sleep and circadian disruption, with downstream mood, cognitive, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects, as well as increased risk of cancer and skin damage. This review distinguishes wavelength-dependent hazards by separating retinal photochemical risk in the roughly 415\u2013450 nm range from circadian-disruptive melanopic effects in the 450\u2013480 nm range, informing spectrum optimization for therapeutic use. It then synthesizes mitigation strategies spanning display emitter spectrum engineering, optical filtering or conversion films, and software controls such as color temperature tuning, high-frequency dimming, metameric spectrum design, and personalized circadian lighting. The review concludes with design, prescription, and standards considerations to align display output with therapeutic intent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T16:13:32Z","timestamp":1770653612000},"page":"1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mitigating Blue-Light Risk in Display-Based Digital Therapeutics: A Practical Framework to Support Clinical Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wonki","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2989","article-title":"Digital therapeutics as a new therapeutic modality: A review from the perspective of clinical pharmacology","volume":"114","author":"Ribba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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