{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:16:48Z","timestamp":1791231408798,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) represents a common and debilitating inflammatory disorder primarily driven by type 2 immune mechanisms. Its frequent overlap with asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis highlights the need for therapeutic strategies able to address multimorbidity within the same pathogenic spectrum. The development of monoclonal antibodies targeting signaling pathways provides an effective and well-tolerated option that addresses common comorbidities. Targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, dupilumab is a completely human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that reduces type 2 inflammation in many organ systems by blocking IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. This study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in a real-world cohort of patients with severe CRSwNP, stratified according to the presence of common type 2 comorbidities, over a 52-week treatment period. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study across ten Italian secondary care centers for Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Otolaryngology. All participating centers were affiliated with the Italian Society of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SIAAIC). Enrolled adult subjects with severe CRSwNP received dupilumab treatment in the context of standard care for 52 weeks. Several efficacy parameters were used. Results: A significant improvement was detected for all the applied efficacy parameters, i.e., 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and bilateral endoscopic nasal polyp (NPS) scores for CRSwNP, Rhinitis Control Scoring System (RCSS) and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores for allergic perennial rhinitis, Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1) and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) scores for asthma, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Atopic Dermatitis Control Toll (ADCT) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores for AD. Dupilumab was well-tolerated, with no new safety signals. Conclusions: This multicenter real-world study demonstrates that dupilumab provides sustained, clinically meaningful, and safe benefits for patients with severe CRSwNP and coexisting type 2 comorbidities, supporting its role as an integrated therapeutic option in precision management of type 2 inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:16:38Z","timestamp":1770722198000},"page":"1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effectiveness and Safety of Dupilumab in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Associated T2 Comorbidities: One-Year Real Life Round"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Eustachio","family":"Nettis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, School of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Di Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Unit of Internal Medicine, \u201cF. Miulli\u201d Hospital, Strada Provinciale per Santeramo Km 4.100, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ippolita","family":"Zaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Unit of Internal Medicine, \u201cF. Miulli\u201d Hospital, Strada Provinciale per Santeramo Km 4.100, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Lodi Rizzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facolt\u00e0 Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 Studi Brescia, SSVD Allergologia\u2014Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vrenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facolt\u00e0 Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 Studi Brescia, SSVD Allergologia\u2014Spedali Civili Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7249-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Brussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Ridolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8933-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Bonzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1841-2807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lia","family":"Ginaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Aitella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, 67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale 04 Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Patella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, \u201cSanta Maria della Speranza\u201d Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5746-8187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Zunno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, \u201cSanta Maria della Speranza\u201d Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7318-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Triggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6214-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola Antonio Adolfo","family":"Quaranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Serena","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erminia","family":"Ridolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9673-7783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Maria","family":"D\u2019Uggento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"D\u2019Aiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Complexity, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3692-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Detoraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Complexity, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"104329","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety profile of mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Real life data in a tertiary 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