{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T11:20:18Z","timestamp":1771240818088,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2311202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2311202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing High-Level Public Health Talent Program","award":["G2023-2-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2023-2-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The incidence of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) complicated by chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) has been increasing. CPA is known to be associated with complex treatment regimens and a poor prognosis. However, data from mainland China remain scarce. This single-center retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognoses of patients with concurrent CPA and NTM-PD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 248 patients diagnosed with NTM-PD. Risk factors for CPA were analyzed via multiple logistic regression, followed by survival analysis. Results: Among the 248 patients with NTM-PD, 66 (26.6%) were diagnosed with CPA. Independent risk factors for NTM-PD and CPA coinfection included male sex (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.03\u20134.47), dyspnea (OR 27.9, 95% CI: 4.24\u2013570), cavity (OR 5.95, 95% CI: 2.76\u201313.9), use of oral corticosteroids (OR 4.28, 95% CI: 1.13\u201316.6), and interstitial lung disease (OR 15.5, 95% CI: 1.89\u2013361). The wide confidence intervals for some risk factors reflect limited precision. The Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves indicated a significant divergence between the NTM-PD group and the NTM-PD with CPA group (log-rank test, p = 0.00039). However, the adjusted hazard ratio was not statistically significant (HR 2.01, 95% CI: 0.66\u20136.12, p = 0.217). Conclusions: In patients with NTM-PD, the presence of concurrent CPA was associated with higher unadjusted mortality. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for CPA to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment, particularly in high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T10:14:32Z","timestamp":1771236872000},"page":"1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-4262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hairong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35311","article-title":"Epidemiology and laboratory detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.05.019","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease and associated risk factors in China: A prospective surveillance study","volume":"83","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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