{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:50:47Z","timestamp":1790643047662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pericardial cysts (PCs) are rare, benign congenital abnormalities that are encountered as mediastinal lesions. Despite their rarity, they remain clinically important due to their potential to mimic other mediastinal or cardiac pathologies and their capacity, in select cases, to cause significant complications. PCs are typically identified incidentally on imaging studies such as chest x-ray or transthoracic echocardiography, as most patients remain asymptomatic throughout their lives. When symptoms do occur, they are often nonspecific and related to compression of adjacent structures. Serious complications\u2014including infection, rupture, and, rarely, cardiac tamponade\u2014have been reported, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate follow-up. Definitive characterization of PCs is best achieved using advanced imaging modalities such as cardiac computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which help differentiate PCs from other mediastinal masses. While many PCs remain stable or even regress spontaneously, intervention may be warranted for symptomatic patients, enlarging cysts, or when the diagnosis remains uncertain. Therapeutic options include percutaneous aspiration, which carries a risk of recurrence, and surgical resection, which offers definitive treatment with excellent outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, differential diagnosis, complications, and management strategies for PCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:50:30Z","timestamp":1771401030000},"page":"1585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Contemporary Review of Clinical Features, Multi-Modality Imaging, and Management of Pericardial Cysts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ankit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2033-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohab","family":"Elnashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshav","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6757-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiva","family":"Rosenzveig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus J1-5, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aro Daniela","family":"Arockiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Unity Health, Searcy, AR 72143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-0031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elio","family":"Haroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan L.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus J1-5, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5570-9402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom Kai Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pericardial Diseases, Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Main Campus J1-5, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennon Collins, K., Zakharious, F., Mandal, A.K.J., and Missouris, C.G. 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