{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T15:13:22Z","timestamp":1771859602779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epileptic activities can affect various aspects including neuropsychological and social functions, which lead to reductions in quality of life (QOL) for epileptic children. Social function in epileptic children can be negatively impacted due to emotional instability, including stigma associated with having epilepsy. The parents of children with refractory epilepsy could experience severe anxiety regarding clinical seizures in their children, and this severe parental anxiety state could lead to adaptable dysfunction in their children. Moreover, associations between epilepsy and fatigue or headache are well known to clinicians but insufficiently understood. A deeper understanding of these issues in epilepsy could be important for managing the clinical course and treatment regimen. Seizure activities could be associated with impaired neuropsychological\/social functions as represented by stigma, fatigue, and headache. Seizure severities are thus important QOL-related factors in terms of neuropsychological and social issues in epileptic children. A relationship between current seizure activity and perception of stigma could be evident in epileptic children. Seizure activity represented as frequent seizures could also be related to fatigue and seizure-associated headache, which can lead to reduced QOL in children with epilepsy. In addition, seizure-related factors in epileptic children including frequent seizures could lead to a greater perception of stigma among their parents. Meanwhile, educational interventions about epilepsy for parents could reduce negative emotional influences when caring for children presenting with seizure attacks. Therapeutic management thus appears desirable to achieve better seizure control and establish educational support for parents, aiming to improve QOL in children with epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:05:11Z","timestamp":1771855511000},"page":"1670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Therapeutic and Management Strategies for Epilepsy: Psychological Aspects in Children with Epilepsy and Their Parents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(93)90042-6","article-title":"Measuring the impact of epilepsy: The development of a novel scale","volume":"16","author":"Jacoby","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01588.x","article-title":"Risk factors for poor health-related quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Devinsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.46302.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy: Development and validation of self-report and parent proxy measures","volume":"44","author":"Ronen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"314","article-title":"Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions","volume":"5","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. 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