{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:12:03Z","timestamp":1788923523996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean government","award":["1711196705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1711196705"]}]},{"name":"Korean government","award":["RS-2023-00255454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00255454"]}]},{"name":"Korea government","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C1008636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C1008636"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with vestibular migraine (VM) with a specific focus on aural symptoms. Additionally, we explored the distinct features of patients with VM who were also diagnosed with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s disease (MDVM). Methods: In this retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary center from 2016 to 2020, we analyzed clinical features, audiovestibular test results, and symptom improvement following medical therapy in 169 patients with VM. Logistic regression was used to identify factors linked to symptom improvement. Data collected from patients with VM and MDVM were compared. Results: Patients with VM commonly experienced aural symptoms, with 47.9% experiencing ear fullness, 40.2% reporting tinnitus, and 17.2% experiencing hearing fluctuations. Logistic regression analysis revealed that aural symptoms were predictive of a lower probability of symptom improvement for headache (p = 0.005) and dizziness (p = 0.007). Eleven (6.5%) patients with VM with aural symptoms were diagnosed with MD and exhibited distinct hearing patterns. The patients with MDVM showed a greater drop at low frequencies (mean hearing threshold of 33.6 \u00b1 6.7 dB vs. 20.6 \u00b1 11.1 dB in MDVM and VM, respectively; p = 0.002) and aggravated hearing levels on final audiometry (30.8 \u00b1 23.0 dB vs. 12.6 \u00b1 7.1 dB, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Aural symptoms are common among patients with VM and are associated with a lower probability of migraine symptoms responding to medication. Patients with MDVM exhibit a distinct pattern of hearing loss, leading to deterioration, whereas other patients with VM and aural symptoms show preserved hearing levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:14:44Z","timestamp":1771928084000},"page":"1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Aural Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine with and Without M\u00e9ni\u00e8re\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2132-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungmin","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Hoon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Huhn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2827-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7368-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Gyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20160113","article-title":"Prevalence of Dizziness and Associated Factors in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Survey from 2010 to 2012","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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