{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:28:06Z","timestamp":1772177286601,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n"},{"name":"Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Mental Health","award":["D43TW009343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009343"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023619","name":"University of California Global Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Risk for eating disorders (ED risk) in adolescents is strongly influenced by psychosocial factors, particularly family dysfunction. The COVID-19 pandemic may have intensified these risks by disrupting family dynamics and increasing stress exposure. This study aimed to examine the association between family dysfunction and ED risk among school adolescents in Lambayeque, Peru, in the post-pandemic context. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study including 1219 students from five schools (September\u2013December 2022) was conducted. ED risk was screened using the SCOFF questionnaire (\u22652), and family functioning was assessed with the Family APGAR (functional, mild, moderate, or severe dysfunction). Additional sociodemographic, behavioral, and mental health variables were analyzed. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance clustered by school. Results: The ED risk in adolescents was 39.3% (95% CI: 36.5\u201342.1). Moderate family dysfunction was reported in 10.0% and severe dysfunction in 29.8% of participants. In the multivariable model, moderate family dysfunction was associated with higher ED risk (PR = 1.11). Other factors associated with higher risk included obesity (PR = 1.17), family history of mental illness (PR = 1.18), course failure (PR = 1.18), alcohol consumption \u22654 times per week (PR = 1.75), and having a family member hospitalized due to COVID-19 (PR = 1.14). Protective associations were found for male sex, frequent contact with friends, higher resilience, and living in peri-urban areas. Conclusions: Moderate family dysfunction was associated with an increased at ED risk in adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of school-based screening, family-centered interventions, and resilience promotion in adolescent mental health strategies. Given the cross-sectional design, causal relationships cannot be inferred.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:59:16Z","timestamp":1772017156000},"page":"1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Family Dysfunction and Risk for Eating Disorders in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario J.","family":"Valladares-Garrido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14007, Peru"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8392-8282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila I.","family":"Medina-Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Crist\u00f3bal de Huamanga, Ayacucho 05003, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7267-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darwin A.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5914-2968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Julia","family":"C\u00f3mina-Tamayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luz A.","family":"Aguilar-Manay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jassmin","family":"Santin V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Chiclayo 14001, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3755-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danai","family":"Valladares-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina, Universidad C\u00e9sar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru"},{"name":"Oficina de Salud Ocupacional, Hospital Santa Rosa, Piura 20001, Peru"},{"name":"EpiHealth Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Lima 15074, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar J.","family":"Pereira-Victorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Continental, Lima 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4075-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor J.","family":"Vera-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina (FAMED), Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodr\u00edguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Chachapoyas 15046, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6546-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriana","family":"Rivera-Lozada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Se\u00f1or de Sip\u00e1n, Chiclayo 14007, Peru"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2013.08.009","article-title":"Family functioning and risk factors for disordered eating","volume":"14","author":"Lyke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eat. 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