{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:44:06Z","timestamp":1782816246749,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Tumor thrombus is an uncommon but serious finding in sarcoma, with limited pediatric data. While adult cases indicate a median survival of ~14 months, outcomes in children remain poorly understood. Methods: A retrospective review (1990\u20132025) was conducted at a single pediatric tertiary center. Patients &lt;18 years with pathologically confirmed bone or soft tissue sarcoma and radiographic or histologic evidence of tumor thrombus were included. Minimum follow-up was 3 years or until end of life. The primary outcome was survival after tumor thrombus diagnosis. Results: Thirteen patients (nine males, four females) met the inclusion criteria. The median age at sarcoma diagnosis was 10.5 years. Osteosarcoma was the most common subtype (69.2%), with 76.9% of tumors arising in bone. Disease was localized in 53.8% and metastatic in 46.2% at presentation. Tumor thrombus was contiguous in 61.5% and noncontiguous in 38.5%. The median time from sarcoma diagnosis to death was 44.2 months; from tumor thrombus diagnosis to death, this was 15.2 months. The overall survival after tumor thrombus diagnosis was 30.8%. Conclusions: Pediatric sarcoma with tumor thrombus is associated with poor prognosis, and surgical intervention did not appear to result in long-term survival in this small series. Tumor thrombus may be noncontiguous from the primary tumor, emphasizing the importance of advanced imaging and its implications for treatment planning and counseling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:22:57Z","timestamp":1772191377000},"page":"1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low Survival Rates for Pediatric Patients with Tumor Thrombus in Sarcoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Colello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6365-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika Y.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail N.","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Gettleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Pawel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0447-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Christ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3329-2-14","article-title":"The epidemiology of sarcoma","volume":"2","author":"Burningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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