{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:38:43Z","timestamp":1772692723973,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Effective pain control is fundamental in pediatric dentistry. Supraperiosteal infiltration (SPA) and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) are the most used local anesthesia (LA) techniques. This review evaluated the available evidence on intraligamentary anesthesia (ILA) to assess its efficacy, safety, and viability as an alternative to conventional techniques. Methods: The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261284494) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were searched for RCTs published in English after 2000 involving children. Studies that compared ILA, delivered via either traditional or computer-controlled systems (CC-ILA), with other LA techniques were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane\u2019s RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with Stata\/SE 18.0. Results: The database search yielded 347 records; after duplicate removal, 153 articles were screened. Thirty-four papers were assessed, of which thirteen studies were included, and three were retained for the meta-analysis. Significantly lower pain perception and improved physiological parameters were reported with ILA compared with IANB. CC-ILA demonstrated greater efficacy and reduced procedural discomfort than conventional ILA. Patients favored CC-ILA over IANB (68.0% vs. 32.0%). Postoperative lip biting occurred more frequently following IANB and CC-SPA than after ILA. Overall risk of bias was low. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in pain perception between ILA and IANB (z = \u22120.26; p = 0.79). Conclusions: ILA, particularly CC-ILA, appears to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated technique and may be considered a valid anesthetic option in pediatric dentistry. The review did not receive any funding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1772207558000},"page":"1828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intraligamentary Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: Is It an Effective Technique? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Salerno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3531-2595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Cirio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1988-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aesha","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Wellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability\u2014BeSSA Department, Sapienza University of Rome, 02100 Rieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cagetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72403-x","article-title":"Caries Severity and Socioeconomic Inequalities in a Nationwide Setting: Data from the Italian National Pathfinder in 12-Years Children","volume":"10","author":"Campus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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