{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:15:00Z","timestamp":1772450100674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia (PE) has traditionally been regarded as a pregnancy-limited hypertensive disorder; however, accumulating evidence increasingly positions it as a pivotal early-life vascular stress test that manifests underlying vulnerabilities and accelerates biological aging. Women with a history of PE exhibit a heightened susceptibility to premature-onset multi-systemic diseases, specifically cardiovascular, ovarian, renal, and metabolic decline. This suggests that PE acts as a catalyst for accelerated aging, driven by shared pathophysiological pathways that represent common mechanisms of systemic senescence. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological links and pathogenic drivers underpinning accelerated systemic aging following PE, with a specific focus on the cardiovascular-ovarian axis. Epidemiological data consistently demonstrate that women with prior PE exhibit significantly reduced anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) levels, translating to an estimated 1.5-year acceleration in reproductive aging. In parallel, PE is associated with a twofold increase in lifetime cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and the onset of chronic hypertension occurring an average of 7.7 years earlier. However, reconciling the phenotypic heterogeneity of PE and transcending the constraints of non-experimental designs are essential for firmly establishing this accelerated aging paradigm. At the molecular level, PE and ovarian aging converge on shared pathways\u2014including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic dysregulation\u2014collectively defining a distinct pathogenic ovarian\u2013vascular aging axis. Proposed geroscience-based strategies advocate for refined risk stratification by incorporating molecular aging biomarkers\u2014such as epigenetic clocks and inflammatory profiles\u2014alongside conventional clinical indicators. This integrative framework facilitates the early identification of high-risk aging phenotypes, enabling targeted monitoring and timely interventions to preemptively modulate accelerated aging pathways. Pharmacological approaches within this framework emphasize the judicious repurposing of established agents, such as metformin, statins, and SGLT2 inhibitors, while emerging gerotherapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, provide a conceptual foundation for targeting the fundamental biological drivers of senescence. Although these geroprotective strategies, including the repurposing of established agents and the use of senolytics, offer innovative conceptual frameworks for targeting the fundamental drivers of senescence, they remain largely exploratory and require further clinical validation. Such strategies offer novel opportunities to shift the clinical focus from treating isolated comorbidities to modulating the shared molecular substrates of aging, ultimately promoting healthy aging and functional longevity in the elderly female population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1772447074000},"page":"1880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accelerated Vascular Aging in Women with Prior Preeclampsia: A Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Geroprotective Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Materno-Fetal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Materno-Fetal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Materno-Fetal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-2825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Y.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Materno-Fetal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center, H&M Co., Ltd., Yongin 18469, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. I.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Materno-Fetal Intensive Care Unit, Division of Materno-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2020). Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 222. Obstet. Gynecol., 135, e237\u2013e260.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003891"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60279-6","article-title":"Preeclampsia","volume":"376","author":"Steegers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"335","author":"Bellamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7356.157","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: Opportunities for intervention and screening?","volume":"325","author":"Sattar","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2740","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal cardiovascular disease risk factor development: An observational cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Stuart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06005","article-title":"Earlier Age of Onset of Chronic Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Heida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.06.006","article-title":"Changes in the Structure and Function of the Brain Years after Pre-Eclampsia","volume":"47","author":"Ijomone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2024.2375281","article-title":"Factors Affecting Age at Menopause and Their Relationship with Ovarian Reserve: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"29","author":"Diamanti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306","article-title":"The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system","volume":"340","author":"Mendelsohn","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"413","article-title":"Menopausal symptoms and their management","volume":"36","author":"Santoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"e506","article-title":"Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention","volume":"142","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031884","article-title":"Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia","volume":"350","author":"Levine","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"2492","article-title":"Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia","volume":"111","author":"Maynard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2902","article-title":"Serum AMH Levels in Women with a History of Preeclampsia Suggest a Role for Vascular Factors in Ovarian Aging","volume":"99","author":"Yarde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amar, S., Paradis, G., Ayoub, A., Lewin, A., Maniraho, A., Potter, B.J., and Auger, N. (2025). Preeclampsia and Onset of Renal Disorders in the Long-Term Period following Pregnancy. Am. J. Nephrol., 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1159\/000547538"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.15127","article-title":"A Systematic Review on the Determinants of Long-Term Kidney Sequelae after Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy","volume":"104","author":"Haudiquet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.04.010","article-title":"Preeclampsia and Long-Term Kidney Outcomes: An Observational Cohort Study","volume":"82","author":"Srialluri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22857","article-title":"Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Brain Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study","volume":"82","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.4426","article-title":"Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, and Eclampsia and Future Neurological Disorders","volume":"82","author":"Friis","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection","volume":"350","author":"Blackburn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057","article-title":"Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases","volume":"69","author":"Franceschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franceschi, C., Rahmati, M., Mansournia, M.A., Azizi, F., Montazeri, S.A., Shamshirsaz, A.A., and Ramezani Tehrani, F. (2019). Association between Ovarian Reserve and Preeclampsia: A Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2578-y"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06357","article-title":"Pregnancy and long-term maternal cardiovascular health: Progress through harmonization of research cohorts and biobanks","volume":"67","author":"Staff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003497","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003497","article-title":"Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular health: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e028116","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028116","article-title":"The EVA Study: Early Vascular Aging in Women with History of Preeclampsia","volume":"12","author":"Werlang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"403","article-title":"Preeclampsia: Long-Term Consequences for Vascular Health","volume":"11","author":"Amaral","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc. Health Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-013-9762-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk in women with pre-eclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0006","article-title":"Ovarian aging: Mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"30","author":"Broekmans","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414838","article-title":"Predictive value of the sFlt-1:PlGF ratio in women with suspected preeclampsia","volume":"374","author":"Zeisler","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10705","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10705","article-title":"Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor","volume":"90","author":"Kendall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025968","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone trajectories are associated with cardiovascular disease in women: Results from the Doetinchem Cohort Study","volume":"135","author":"Verschuren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.01.029","article-title":"Diminished ovarian reserve is a risk factor for preeclampsia and placental malperfusion lesions","volume":"119","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55509-y","article-title":"Physiological premature aging of ovarian blood vessels leads to decline in fertility in middle-aged mice","volume":"16","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1071\/RD08272","article-title":"Regulation and manipulation of angiogenesis in the ovary and endometrium","volume":"21","author":"Fraser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.11.021","article-title":"Placental stress and pre-eclampsia: A revised view","volume":"30","author":"Redman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw028","article-title":"Ovarian ageing: The role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles","volume":"22","author":"Boucret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-49","article-title":"The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: A review","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172ra21","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004925","article-title":"Impairment of BRCA1-Related DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Leads to Ovarian Aging in in mice and humans","volume":"5","author":"Titus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2025.101075","article-title":"Decoding Ovarian Aging in Women: Cellular Damage, Signaling Networks, and Treatment Frontiers","volume":"25","author":"Hamer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-024-00172-2","article-title":"The role of the dynamic epigenetic landscape in senescence: Orchestrating SASP expression","volume":"10","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Aging"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102144","article-title":"The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: The dark side of tumor suppression","volume":"5","author":"Coppe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.003","article-title":"Preeclampsia, biomarkers, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and placental capacity","volume":"213","author":"Redman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.08.016","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"253","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.06.006","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles in placenta with severe preeclampsia using a PNA-based microarray","volume":"34","author":"Choi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.07.010","article-title":"Circulating microRNA expression as predictor of preeclampsia and its severity","volume":"627","author":"Jairajpuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684","article-title":"DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0584-6","article-title":"DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life","volume":"16","author":"Marioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu020","article-title":"Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone: Ovarian Reserve Testing and Its Potential Clinical Implications","volume":"20","author":"Broer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.183514","article-title":"Poor ovarian reserve","volume":"9","author":"Jirge","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.05.007","article-title":"Exercise promotes healthy aging of skeletal muscle","volume":"23","author":"Cartee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.8.1888","article-title":"Impact of aerobic exercise training on age-related changes in insulin sensitivity and muscle oxidative capacity","volume":"52","author":"Short","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.03.003","article-title":"Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials","volume":"24","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.12.1440","article-title":"Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: A randomized trial","volume":"292","author":"Esposito","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9139","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115459","article-title":"Definition of the Mediterranean diet: A literature review","volume":"7","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.001","article-title":"Benefits of Metformin in Attenuating the Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"32","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2022.111708","article-title":"Metformin Mitigates Stress-Induced Premature Senescence by Upregulating AMPK\u03b1 and Enhancing Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defenses","volume":"206","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827d8ad5","article-title":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Obstetric\u2013Fetal Pharmacology Research Units Network. Pravastatin for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in High-Risk Pregnant Women","volume":"21","author":"Costantine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2016_168","article-title":"Evidence-Based Revised View of the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia","volume":"956","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05445","article-title":"Effects of Pravastatin on Human Placenta, Endothelium, and Women with Severe Preeclampsia","volume":"66","author":"Brownfoot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.170","article-title":"Renal, metabolic and cardiovascular considerations of SGLT2 inhibition","volume":"13","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prandi, F.R., Barone, L., Lecis, D., Belli, M., Sergi, D., Milite, M., Lerakis, S., Romeo, F., and Barill\u00e0, F. (2022). Biomolecular Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection with Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101349"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0092-9","article-title":"Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.04.013","article-title":"Cellular senescence: A translational perspective","volume":"21","author":"Kirkland","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12109","article-title":"Late-life rapamycin treatment reverses age-related heart dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Flynn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/5\/1880\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:52:00Z","timestamp":1772448720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/5\/1880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15051880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15051880","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}