{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:04:27Z","timestamp":1791489867210,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002560","name":"the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Postoperative body temperature abnormalities are common yet underrecognized, and their association with acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify early postoperative temperature trajectories and evaluate their associations with AKI. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 3274 adults undergoing valvular heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The patients\u2019 temperatures were continuously measured using a pulmonary artery catheter for 12 postoperative hours, and temperature trajectories were identified using data-driven latrend class modeling. The primary outcome was severe AKI (KDIGO stage \u2265 2), and the secondary outcome was non-recovery AKI (\u226572 h). Multivariable logistic regression and E-value sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: Four distinct temperature trajectories were identified: Class 1 (32.8%), initial normothermia progressing to mild hyperthermia (37.5\u201338.0 \u00b0C); Class 2 (27.4%), mild hypothermia (36.0\u201336.5 \u00b0C) with rapid normalization; Class 3 (24.4%), stable normothermia; and Class 4 (15.4%), lower-range mild hypothermia (35.5\u201336.0 \u00b0C) with delayed recovery. Severe AKI and non-recovery AKI occurred most frequently in Class 4 patients (15.1% vs. 2.9%, 3.9%, and 4.8% in Classes 1\u20133, p &lt; 0.001; 15.1% vs. 1.7%, 4.0%, and 4.4%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for key clinical variables, Class 4 remained independently associated with severe AKI (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.69\u20133.57; E-value 4.33) and non-recovery AKI (OR 2.78, 95% CI: 1.89\u20134.00; E-value 4.97). Conclusions: Early postoperative temperature trajectories were significantly associated with severe AKI, with the highest risks in patients exhibiting lower-range mild hypothermia with delayed recovery. These findings suggest that early postoperative temperature patterns may be useful for risk stratification for severe AKI after cardiac surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1772447074000},"page":"1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association Between Early Postoperative Temperature Trajectories and Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Valvular Heart Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5408-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Sun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5146-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungmin","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9093-9692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Kwang","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-6948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Sun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0611-4775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyejin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2984-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Lan","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003481","article-title":"Perioperative Temperature Monitoring","volume":"134","author":"Sessler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Unintended perioperative hypothermia","volume":"11","author":"Hart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2018.00395","article-title":"Postoperative Hypothermia","volume":"34","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acute Crit. 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