{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:26:51Z","timestamp":1776216411365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The use of HFNC (High Flow Nasal Cannula) in the management of acute respiratory failure has been fully established in clinical practice. Conversely, less data is available supporting its use in chronic hypoxemic\u2013hypercapnic respiratory failure. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure associated with stable COPD. Methods: In this retrospective single-center longitudinal observational study, 40 patients treated with HFNC at home followed at the COPD Clinic of Respiratory Diseases (University of Campania L. Vanvitelli Monaldi Hospital, Naples) were included. All patients are re-assessed at our clinic at T0, T3, T6 and T12 months through functional respiratory tests and blood gas analysis. Results: After 12 months, significant reductions in pCO2 (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide) (from 58.5 to 48.0 mmHg) and lactates (from 1.60 to 0.90 mmol\/L) were observed, and MIP and MEP improved significantly. Patients receiving HFNC flows \u226550 L\/min experienced greater reductions in pCO2 and fewer exacerbations. Multivariate analysis identified HFNC flow rate (p = 0.0046), hours of use\/day (p = 0.0157), lactate levels (p = 0.0301), and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) (p = 0.0491) as independent predictors of reduction in PaCO2. Higher BMI and greater airway obstruction were associated with a reduced response. Conclusions: Treatment with HFNC represents a reasonable therapeutic choice to reduce AEs-COPD and reduce PaCO2 and lactates in stable COPD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:48:56Z","timestamp":1772542136000},"page":"1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Efficacy of High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) Treatment in Patients with Chronic Type II Respiratory Failure Secondary to COPD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2902-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2387-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Notizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0414-1474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenica Francesca","family":"Mariniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0929-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4692-5901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Aronne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 81100 Caserta, Italy"},{"name":"Clinic of Respiratory Diseases \u201cVanvitelli\u201d, A.O. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202301-0106PP","article-title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary","volume":"207","author":"Celli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. 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