{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:06:19Z","timestamp":1792065979095,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disorder affecting approximately 2\u20135% of pregnancies and remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its clinical presentation ranges from mild, nearly asymptomatic forms to severe conditions progressing to eclampsia or HELLP syndrome. Despite significant advances in understanding its pathophysiology, preeclampsia continues to pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In recent years, intensive research efforts have focused on developing comprehensive diagnostic criteria, identifying novel biomarkers, improving risk prediction models, and establishing effective preventive and monitoring strategies. However, expert opinions and clinical guidelines remain partially inconsistent. This review aims to summarize current global concepts regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring of preeclampsia, with particular emphasis on emerging biomarkers and personalized approaches to patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15051944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T13:11:36Z","timestamp":1772629896000},"page":"1944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preeclampsia: Contemporary Concepts in Pathophysiology, Risk Stratification, Prevention and Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Dzie\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Stefa\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5702-1580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyna","family":"Tomaszewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119binki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Zabielska-Kaczorowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, D\u0119binki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Wydra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802","article-title":"The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: A pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention","volume":"145","author":"Poon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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