{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:14:59Z","timestamp":1790781299715,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ocular surface is a neuro\u2013epithelial\u2013immune unit in which corneal innervation is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and visual function. Sensory nerves regulate reflex tearing and blinking, provide trophic support, and modulate local immune responses. Nerve injury resulting from trauma, surgery, infection, systemic disease, or chronic inflammation disrupts epithelial homeostasis and may lead to neurotrophic keratopathy, neuropathic pain, and pathological remodeling. Beyond classical neurotrophic disease, nerve dysfunction contributes to severe dry eye and immune-mediated cicatricial disorders. Depending on the neuro-inflammatory context, remodeling may evolve toward stromal thinning, as in keratoconus, or progressive fibrosis, as in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid. Blood-derived eye drops, including serum- and platelet-based formulations, represent biologically active therapies that support epithelial repair and nerve regeneration, although greater standardization is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15052026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1772795144000},"page":"2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Innervation in Ocular Surface Homeostasis, Tissue Remodeling Following Nerve Injury, and the Therapeutic Potential of Hemocomponents in Neuronal and Cicatricial Pathologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6474-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Department of Ophthalmology, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Odorici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Menean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5264-5973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Zazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oftalmologia, Universit\u00e0 Campus Biomedico\u2014Centro Malattie Rare Corneali\u2014Fondazione Policlinico Campus Biomedico, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piera","family":"Versura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Micera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Science, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00184 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(03)00050-2","article-title":"Corneal Nerves: Structure, Contents and Function","volume":"76","author":"Marfurt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. 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