{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:43:53Z","timestamp":1773117833885,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate macular choroidal blood flow dynamics and structural alterations in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and compare these findings with those of the fellow eyes. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 36 eyes from 18 children (mean age: 4.9 years) with unilateral hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Central choroidal thickness (CCT) was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Macular choroidal hemodynamics were assessed using laser speckle flowgraphy. Mean blur rate (MBR) was used as an index of blood flow, whereas beat strength (BS) was used as a measure of pulsatility. Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) was also calculated. All parameters were compared between amblyopic and fellow eyes. Results: Amblyopic eyes demonstrated significantly greater CCT compared with fellow eyes (407.6 \u00b1 84.9 \u00b5m vs. 326.4 \u00b1 79.1 \u00b5m). Conversely, macular MBR was significantly lower in amblyopic eyes (9.28 \u00b1 3.60 AU vs. 10.94 \u00b1 4.68 AU), as was BS (5.73 \u00b1 3.07 AU vs. 7.28 \u00b1 3.59 AU). No significant differences were observed in central retinal thickness or OPP between amblyopic and fellow eyes. In amblyopic eyes, CCT was not significantly correlated with macular MBR or BS. Conclusions: Amblyopic eyes exhibited significant central choroidal thickening accompanied by reduced macular blood flow and pulsatility. These findings suggest that localized macular hemodynamic dysregulation may contribute to the pathophysiology of hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15052085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:49:42Z","timestamp":1773071382000},"page":"2085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choroidal Thickening and Reduced Macular Blood Flow in Children with Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ryuya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moe","family":"Nunose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serika","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asato","family":"Hirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.05.001","article-title":"The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia","volume":"36","author":"Barrett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. 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