{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:59:34Z","timestamp":1773219574302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may be associated with alterations in eye movements, which in turn may reflect dysfunctions in executive functions and sensorimotor integration processes. This review analyzed the pattern of oculomotor findings of pediatric populations diagnosed with ADHD with or without methylphenidate (MPH) treatment, with the aim of systematically describing the oculomotor abnormalities observed in affected children. A total of 24 studies were analyzed. The results showed that children with ADHD exhibit increased latency, a higher number of directional errors in prosaccade and antisaccade tasks, as well as intrusions during fixation and a higher frequency of microsaccades and involuntary blinks. Furthermore, studies involving the administration of MPH showed an improvement in oculomotor control, with a reduction in errors and a modulation of latency and oculomotor inhibition. These findings confirmed the potential role of oculomotor parameters as objective and non-invasive biomarkers for exploring the neurofunctional correlates of ADHD and for evaluating the effects of pharmacological treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:53:31Z","timestamp":1773140011000},"page":"2108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pattern of Oculomotor Findings in Children with Attention Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder in Relation to Methylphenidate Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Brogna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Castellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Mirra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sestito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Piscopiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Visually Impaired, IAPB Italia Onlus, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annabella","family":"Salerni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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