{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T19:17:42Z","timestamp":1773343062982,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Curved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) is an effective joint-preserving procedure for osteoarthritis of the hip; however, postoperative weight-bearing restrictions may influence muscle quality and functional recovery. This study aimed to examine longitudinal changes in muscle mass, muscle quality assessed by phase angle (PhA), and physical function after CPO and explored their postoperative interrelationships. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 35 female patients (mean age 34.9 \u00b1 13.4 years) undergoing CPO. Assessments were conducted preoperatively, at full weight-bearing (FWB), and 12 months postoperatively. Lower-limb muscle mass and PhA were measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical function was evaluated using Timed Up and Go (TUG), body weight-normalized ground reaction force during sit-to-stand (F\/w), and operated-side weight-bearing capacity. Results: Operated-side muscle mass decreased at FWB and partially recovered by 12 months. In contrast, PhA declined markedly at FWB on the operated side (5.21 \u00b1 0.69\u00b0 to 4.15 \u00b1 0.67\u00b0, p &lt; 0.001) and remained significantly lower than baseline at 12 months. Functional measures declined during restricted loading and recovered to levels comparable to baseline by 12 months. At FWB, PhA was independently associated with TUG, F\/w, and power generation indices. The reduction in PhA was greater than that observed for muscle mass, and contralateral PhA also declined. Conclusions: CPO is associated with a transient decline in muscle quality and functional performance during postoperative loading restriction. Although functional measures recover within 12 months, muscle quality remains partially impaired. Early strategies aimed at preserving muscle quality may support postoperative recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:23:03Z","timestamp":1773307383000},"page":"2161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Association Between Phase Angle Decline and Functional Recovery Following Periacetabular Osteotomy: A One-Year Prospective Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Homma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi-dori Ichiban-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2289-7499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norio","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi-dori Ichiban-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moeko","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsubasa","family":"Sugahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ishisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mie","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tachikawa General Hospital, 24-1 Asahioka, Nagaoka 940-8621, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Horigome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comprehensive Musculoskeletal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi-dori Ichiban-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sakagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Dohmae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Bandai Hospital, 2-2-8 Yachiyo, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-0909, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Saiseikai Niigata Kenoh Hospital, 5001-1 Kamisugoro, Sanjo 955-0091, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Minato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rinko Hospital, 1-114-3 Momoyamacho, Higashi-ku, Niigata 950-0051, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9511-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kawashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 757 Asahimachi-dori Ichiban-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.08.005","article-title":"One in four people may develop symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in his or her lifetime","volume":"18","author":"Murphy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cart."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.11.1193","article-title":"Acetabular dysplasia and hip osteoarthritis in Britain and Japan","volume":"37","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"730","article-title":"Total hip replacement for osteoarthritis-evidence-based and patient-oriented indications","volume":"118","author":"Deckert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199906000-00004","article-title":"Periacetabular osteotomy through the Smith-Petersen approach","volume":"363","author":"Malta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198807000-00006","article-title":"A new periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasias Technique and preliminary results","volume":"232","author":"Ganz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-009-1327-x","article-title":"Transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum for advanced-stage osteoarthritis of the hips","volume":"14","author":"Matsuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000153281.75265.1d","article-title":"Curved periacetabular osteotomy for treatment of dysplastic hip","volume":"433","author":"Naito","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466030-00017","article-title":"Rotational acetabular osteotomy for the dysplastic hip","volume":"66","author":"Ninomiya","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514535906","article-title":"Activity tolerance after periacetabular osteotomy","volume":"42","author":"Bogunovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-008-0242-3","article-title":"Mean 20-year follow up of Bernese periacetabular osteotomy","volume":"466","author":"Steppacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102955","article-title":"Bone union status of all osteotomy sites one year after curved periacetabular osteotomy based on computed tomography","volume":"107","author":"Kamachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1616-x","article-title":"A periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of severe dysplastic hips","volume":"469","author":"Karashima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000196475.40151.8b","article-title":"Muscle strength improves after abductor-sparing periacetabular osteotomy","volume":"444","author":"Ezoe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-130480","article-title":"Dynamic hip stability, strength and pain before and after hip abductor strengthening exercises for patients with dysplastic hips","volume":"21","author":"Kuroda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Isokinet. Exerc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B11.21796","article-title":"Periacetabular osteotomy reduces the dynamic instability of dysplastic hips","volume":"91","author":"Maeyama","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, Y., Takahira, N., Uchiyama, K., Fukushima, K., Moriya, M., Shibuya, M., Tsuda, K., Tozaki, K., Kudo, S., and Kaneda, H. (2020). Sports activity participation after curved periacetabular osteotomy for acetabular dysplasia. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03625-3"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05250-5","article-title":"Biomechanical changes in the lumbar and hip joint after curved periacetabular osteotomy","volume":"19","author":"Qu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.02.071","article-title":"Mechanical influence of pubic nonunion on the stress distribution after curved periacetabular osteotomy: Patient-specific three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"37","author":"Doi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Homma, D., Imai, N., Miyasaka, D., Yamato, M., Sugahara, T., Horigome, Y., Suzuki, H., Dohmae, Y., Endo, N., and Minato, I. (2024). Motor function is related to the lower phase angle than to muscle mass of the lower limbs in older females with hip osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional observational study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07833-z"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.411","article-title":"Reliability of performance-based measures in people awaiting joint replacement surgery of the hip or knee","volume":"13","author":"Gill","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiother. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104221","article-title":"Association between ground reaction force in sit-to-stand motion and falls in community-dwelling older Japanese individuals","volume":"91","author":"Kera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/78.5.490","article-title":"Hip abductor muscle activity as subjects with hip prostheses walk with different methods of using a cane","volume":"78","author":"Neumann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"21","article-title":"Analysis of phase angle and balance and gait functions in pre-frail individuals: A cross-sectional observational study","volume":"77","author":"Homma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Med. Okayama"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S56662","article-title":"Effects of weight loss and exercise on trunk muscle composition in older women","volume":"9","author":"Ryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1159\/000182084","article-title":"Alterations in muscle attenuation following detraining and retraining in resistance-trained older adults","volume":"55","author":"Taaffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13643","article-title":"Synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplementation on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults","volume":"19","author":"Yamada","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr. Gerontol. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2011.3515","article-title":"A comparison of 3 methodological approaches to defining major clinically important improvement of 4 performance measures in patients with hip osteoarthritis","volume":"41","author":"Wright","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alghadir, A., Anwer, S., and Brism\u00e9e, J.M. (2015). The reliability and minimal detectable change of Timed Up and Go test in individuals with grade 1\u20133 knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0637-8"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.031","article-title":"Association between phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis and level of physical activity: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Mundstock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/6\/2161\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:15:06Z","timestamp":1773310506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/6\/2161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15062161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15062161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]}}}