{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:54:21Z","timestamp":1783605261012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to review current evidence on celocentesis as an early invasive prenatal diagnostic technique, focusing on its clinical applications, diagnostic accuracy, safety profile, and future perspectives in modern fetal medicine. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases up to October 2025. Studies reporting original data on celocentesis\u2014including prospective studies, case reports, and case series\u2014were included. Relevant outcomes were feasibility, safety, and diagnostic accuracy. Results: Since its first description in 1993, celocentesis has been successfully performed between 6 and 9 weeks\u2019 gestation in several small case series. Improvements in ultrasound resolution and molecular analysis techniques have significantly enhanced its reliability. In specialized centers using dedicated fetal cell selection and contamination-control workflows, analytical diagnostic success for selected monogenic conditions exceeds 99%. Reported miscarriage rates are comparable to what is expected at a very early gestational age (10% of all clinically recognized pregnancies). The procedure remains mainly experimental, with no standardized protocols or large multicentric validation. Conclusions: Celocentesis is the earliest available technique for prenatal genetic diagnosis. While promising, its clinical implementation requires further standardization, comprehensive operator training, and robust evidence from prospective studies regarding its safety and diagnostic reliability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:59:44Z","timestamp":1773406784000},"page":"2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Celocentesis: Current Evidence and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Cecchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1079-7098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Giambona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD Diagnostica Molecolare Malattie Rare Ematologiche, AOOR Villa Sofia Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD Diagnostica Molecolare Malattie Rare Ematologiche, AOOR Villa Sofia Cervello, 90100 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Picciotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9428-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Andrisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0270-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Cassina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambrogio Pietro","family":"Londero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kypros","family":"Nicolaides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King\u2019s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Cosmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90761-5","article-title":"Coelocentesis: A new technique for early prenatal diagnosis","volume":"341","author":"Jurkovic","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1159\/000091358","article-title":"Solutes in Maternal Circulation and Gestational Sac Compartments during Early Human Development","volume":"21","author":"Espinoza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. 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