{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:01:52Z","timestamp":1791259312406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: According to current data, arterial hypertension (HTN) remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Oftentimes, HTN is accompanied by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), interconnected by a pro-inflammatory pattern. Our study aimed to evaluate the roles of hematological serum cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, as well as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in subjects with HTN, CKD, and\/or T2DM. Methods: This retrospective unicentric study included 6077 patients admitted between 2018 and 2023; after applying exclusion criteria, patients were divided into groups for a comparative multivariate analysis. Results: The Mann\u2013Whitney U test and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between groups. Higher neutrophil counts, lower lymphocyte counts, and platelet fluctuations were positively associated with HTN + comorbidities (p &lt; 0.001 **). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis identified statistically significant associations for neutrophils and NLR in HTN (AUC = 0.442, p &lt; 0.001 **, cut-off = 1.1217), for lymphocytes in HTN + T2DM (AUC sensitivity of 64.1%, cut-off = 18.950), for NLR (AUC 0.567, sensitivity of 50.6% and a specificity of 61.9% cut-off = 4.4174) and neutrophils (cut-off = 73.550) in HTN + CKD, and for NLR and PLR in HTN + CKD + T2DM (both having reliable AUC; sensitivity 87.9% and 81.8% for cut-off = 2.6957 and 10.5194, respectively). In all groups, AUC specificities were below the acceptable threshold (which considerably diminishes the practical clinical usability potential of these markers). Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association between hematological pro-inflammatory markers and hypertension and its comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:21:41Z","timestamp":1773742901000},"page":"2279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Inflammatory\u2013Hematological Biomarkers with Hypertension and Related Comorbidities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1730-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina Maria","family":"Gosav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7144-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Maria","family":"Tanase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8923-8194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Ouatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina Gena","family":"Dascalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Nicoleta","family":"Buliga-Finis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4000-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea-Iustina","family":"Enache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoleta","family":"Dima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minerva Codruta","family":"Badescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. 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