{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:03:29Z","timestamp":1774263809349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have a substantially higher risk of ischemic stroke than the general population. Circulating biomarkers such as N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and microalbuminuria have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CHD, but their role in predicting cerebrovascular events remains uncertain. Methods: Prospective cohort study including 372 adults with CHD [median age 34 years (IQR 23\u201342); 57.8% male] followed at a tertiary center between 2017 and 2022. Baseline assessments included demographic characteristics, CHD anatomical complexity, cardiovascular risk factors, NT-pro-BNP, hs-CRP, lipid profile, and 24-h urinary albumin excretion. The primary endpoint was incident ischemic stroke during a median follow-up of 6.3 years (IQR 3.9\u20138.3). Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of stroke. Results: During follow-up, 13 patients (3.5%) experienced ischemic stroke. Patients with stroke were significantly older [51 (46\u201364) vs. 30 (23\u201340) years; p &lt; 0.001] and had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (61.5% vs. 15.0%; p &lt; 0.001). NT-pro-BNP levels were markedly higher in patients with stroke [369 (218\u2013604) vs. 64 (21\u2013172) pg\/mL; p &lt; 0.001]. No significant differences were observed between groups in renal function parameters, hs-CRP, thyroid-stimulating hormone, or urinary albumin excretion rate. In Cox analyses, older age and dyslipidemia were the strongest predictors of stroke (p &lt; 0.001). Arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and higher NT-pro-BNP levels were also associated with increased stroke risk (p &lt; 0.05), whereas CHD anatomical complexity, NYHA functional class, and cyanosis were not. Conclusions: In adults with CHD, ischemic stroke was mainly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and elevated NT-pro-BNP levels rather than anatomical disease complexity or functional status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:48:42Z","timestamp":1774259322000},"page":"2440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiorenal Biomarkers and Cerebrovascular Risk in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efr\u00e9n","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Quintana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Avd. Mar\u00edtima del Sur s\/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fayna","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negr\u00edn, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.025","article-title":"Characteristics of Adults with Congenital Heart Defects in the United States","volume":"76","author":"Gurvitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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