{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:13:06Z","timestamp":1789236786697,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Early recurrence after complete initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) may indicate biologically aggressive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This study aimed to identify clinicopathological predictors of ER and its independent impact on progression and survival outcomes. Methods: Clinical data of 335 primary NMIBC patients who underwent TUR-BT between 2012 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with non-primary tumors, incomplete resection, or follow-up &lt;6 months were excluded from the study. Patients were categorized into recurrence-free, early recurrence, and late recurrence groups. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of early recurrence. Progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method and Cox regression. A 36-month landmark analysis was conducted to adjust for heterogeneity in follow-up duration. Results: Early recurrence occurred in 118 patients (35.2%). Independent predictors of early recurrence were tumor size (OR = 1.012, p = 0.038), T1 stage (OR = 2.57, p = 0.004), high-grade pathology (OR = 1.933, p = 0.030), and absence of single-dose intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) (OR = 3.642, p = 0.025). Additionally, adjuvant IVC (OR = 0.279, p = 0.015) and intravesical BCG (OR = 0.427, p = 0.006) independently reduced the risk of early recurrence. Early recurrence independently predicted worse PFS (HR = 6.053), CSS (HR = 2.052), and OS (HR = 1.961) (all p &lt; 0.001). The landmark analysis confirmed these results (all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Early recurrence after initial and complete TUR-BT is an independent predictor of adverse oncological outcomes. Identifying high-risk patients and applying early intravesical therapy may improve outcomes by preventing early recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15062463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:54:53Z","timestamp":1774281293000},"page":"2463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early Recurrence Following Complete Initial Resection Predicts Adverse Oncological Outcomes in NMIBC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6287-6767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yavuz Mert","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University, Kozlu, 67639 Zonguldak, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Necmettin Ayd\u0131n","family":"Mungan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University, Kozlu, 67639 Zonguldak, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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