{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:28:48Z","timestamp":1794018528568,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder associated with multiple systemic comorbidities. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been frequently reported among patients with OSA; however, the magnitude of this association remains uncertain. Objective: To systematically evaluate and quantify the association between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease in adult populations. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261278563). Electronic searches were performed in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Observational studies assessing the association between OSA and GERD were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Six observational studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. The pooled analysis demonstrated a statistically significant association between obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux disease, with a combined OR of 1.96. Moderate heterogeneity was observed among studies (I2 = 65%). No substantial evidence of publication bias was identified based on funnel plot assessment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that obstructive sleep apnea is associated with nearly two-fold increased odds of gastroesophageal reflux disease and support increased clinical awareness rather than formal screening recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:37:15Z","timestamp":1774532235000},"page":"2518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2761-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marines","family":"Vega Sanchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA) Ecuador, Av. Col\u00f3n y 6. Diciembre CP, Quito 170516, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7405-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA) Ecuador, Av. Col\u00f3n y 6. Diciembre CP, Quito 170516, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Mosquera Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Odontolog\u00eda, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Epidemiol\u00f3gica y Cl\u00ednica en Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana (UPS), Cuenca 010105, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Tates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA) Ecuador, Av. Col\u00f3n y 6. Diciembre CP, Quito 170516, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Chauca Baja\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Sciences, College Dentistry, University of Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090514, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2523-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Quiguango Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera Ciencias de la Salud, Maestr\u00eda en Salud Publica, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA) Ecuador, Quito 170516, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1062-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Flores Araque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas (UDLA) Ecuador, Av. 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