{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1774979279505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common disorders of gut\u2013brain interaction, affecting more than 11% of adults in Western countries, with higher prevalence in women and in the elderly. Despite its significant impact on quality of life, most patients self-manage their symptoms, while only a minority seek medical attention from general practitioners (GPs) or specialists. Proper assessment not only often requires a multidimensional approach but also accurate diagnostic and therapeutic pathways that define the exact role of GPs and specialists. This paper describes a comprehensive Diagnostic\u2013Therapeutic Care Pathway (DTCP) for CC, focusing on the full spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies required for accurate patient assessment and management. The pathway involves a primary care physician intervention phase, responsible for first-line diagnostic and therapeutic management and evaluation using objective parameters, as well as reassessment at appropriate time points to identify patients requiring further specialist evaluation. Advanced diagnostic methodologies are described as being performed in specialized gastroenterology or neurogastroenterology settings. These include colonic transit studies with radiopaque markers, high-resolution anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion testing, magnetic resonance imaging or conventional defecography, ultrasonography, and neurophysiological assessments such as anal sphincter EMG and pudendal nerve latency testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:33:33Z","timestamp":1774622013000},"page":"2571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic\u2013Therapeutic Care Pathway in Chronic Constipation: AIGO (Italian Association of Gastroenterologists and Gastrointestinal Endoscopists) Position Paper"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Neri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pio Albergo Trivulzio Institute, 20146 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edda","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC Gastroenterology ASL TO4, 10034 Chivasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Galeazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Padova University-Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"d\u2019Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology & Endoscopy, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Center for Functional and Motility Digestive Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3344-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Usai Satta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Brotzu Hospital, 09121 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Regional Center for Functional and Motility Digestive Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0237-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrio","family":"Bassotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the AIGO Neurogastroenterology Commitee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellini, M., Usai-Satta, P., Bove, A., Bocchini, R., Galeazzi, F., Battaglia, E., Alduini, P., Buscarini, E., Bassotti, G., and ChroCoDiTE Study Group, AIGO (2017). 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