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In type 1 diabetes mellitus, dysbiosis is thought to initiate or accelerate the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This may occur through increased intestinal permeability, which allows microbial components and endotoxins to enter the systemic circulation. This exposure triggers inflammatory and autoimmune responses in individuals who are genetically predisposed. Conversely, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, gut dysbiosis contributes significantly to the characteristic metabolic derangements. Specific microbial shifts can lead to impaired energy metabolism, contributing to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, dysbiosis is associated with the altered production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and the induction of low-grade chronic inflammation, which contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and other metabolic changes also influence the gut microbiota. Understanding these type-specific microbial roles offers potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:22:36Z","timestamp":1774858956000},"page":"2604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intestinal Microbiota in Diabetes\u2014Does the Pathomechanism and Diversity Depend on the Type of Diabetes and Coexisting Metabolic Disorders?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9390-7714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Le\u015bniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8321-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzanna","family":"Poczta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja A.","family":"R\u00f3\u017cycka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga M.","family":"W\u0142och","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Podeszwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Siejek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Society, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka Street 5E, 60-806 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3647-5070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dobrowolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego Street 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego Street 49, 60-355 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zawada, A., Ratajczak, A.E., Rychter, A.M., Szymczak-Tomczak, A., Dobrowolska, A., and Krela-Ka\u017amierczak, I. 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