{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:51:06Z","timestamp":1787028666958,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFFK0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFFK0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024YFFK0076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0076"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04323m874","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2024YFFK0366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFFK0366"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04323m874","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Province Maternal and Child Medical Science and Technology Innovation Project","award":["2024FX14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024FX14"]}]},{"name":"Meishan Science and Technology Guiding Plan Project","award":["2024KJZD109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KJZD109"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sj\u00f6gren syndrome (SS) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are common autoimmune conditions in child-bearing aged women, but their influence on pregnancy and assisted reproductive outcomes remain controversial. We aimed to perform an umbrella review to summarize the current evidence to provide a reference for clinicians and future research. Methods: PubMed, Embase (Ovid) and Cochrane database were searched (inception to April 2025) for relevant publications. Study selection, data extraction, quality evaluation, evidence grading and data synthesis were completed independently by two authors. Odds ratio, relative risk or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Fourteen articles (51 meta-analyses) were included, to report the associations of SLE, primary SS (pSS), antiphospholipud antibodies (aPLs), primary APS (pAPS) and 6 maternal\/8 fetal\/5 assisted reproductive outcomes. SLE and pAPS significantly increased the risks of spontaneous abortion, total fetal loss, pregnancy-induced hypertension, premature delivery, small for gestational age, neonatal death and neonatal intensive care unit. SLE also decreased anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone level and significantly increased the risks of pre-eclampsia (PE), stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal one minute Apgar &lt; 7. pSS significantly increased spontaneous abortion and LBW risks. Positive aPLs significantly increased the risk of miscarriage rate in assisted reproductive techenology (ART) and were also associated with total fetal loss, PE, intrauterine growth retardation and placental abruption. Conclusions: This review offers a thorough overview of the current evidence linking SLE, SS and APS to pregnancy and assisted reproductive outcomes. It identifies existing gaps and proposes future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:22:36Z","timestamp":1774858956000},"page":"2618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pregnancy and Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Umbrella Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Caixin","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"West China Lecheng Hospital of Sichuan University, Qionghai 571437, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4970-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinbiao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Meishan Women and Children\u2019s Hospital, Meishan 620010, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"},{"name":"Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12395","article-title":"Human autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive update","volume":"278","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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