{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:18:09Z","timestamp":1790961489420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","award":["896-000-53-54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["896-000-53-54"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["896-000-53-54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["896-000-53-54"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05cs8k179","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Clin. Med.","JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Clinical Significance: Vascular lesions of the face, particularly arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and mixed hemangiomas (MH), pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges because of their complex anatomy, unpredictable behavior, and high risk of bleeding. Surgical planning should be individualized and often requires a staged approach with meticulous interdisciplinary coordination to ensure patient safety. The presence of a concomitant odontogenic infection further complicates management, as local inflammation may exacerbate vascular instability and increase the risk of life-threatening complications. Local inflammation and infection might cause some life-threatening conditions, especially when an abscess occurs in the area of any vascular lesion. Ensuring that the oral cavity is free from potential odontogenic infections is a particularly important issue in many complex cases, especially in patients treated for oral, head, and neck cancer or in those with other coexisting morbidities affecting the oral and facial regions. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old man was referred for management of a severe odontogenic infection associated with an extensive facial vascular lesion. The patient\u2019s medical history was significant for arterial hypertension and chronic liver dysfunction (CLD) of unclear etiology. Complete blood testing, including coagulation assessment and liver ultrasonography, was performed, with no contraindication to surgery identified. The scope of odontogenic-related infections was scheduled for simultaneous removal during initial surgery. Preparation for surgery included the local application of sclerotherapy agents. Conclusions: Quite often, a routine panoramic radiograph can help in assessing the status of bone and dentition to undertake all necessary treatment. Severe odontogenic disease, including multiple retained roots, periapical infections, and odontogenic cystic lesions in the context of poor oral hygiene, may lead to the occurrence of possible inflammation. In case of any vascular lesion, a careful diagnostic and therapeutic strategy is needed. This case report highlights that maintaining an infection-free oral environment is a critical component of care in patients with complex facial MH and should be regarded as an essential element of overall treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1775441181000},"page":"2721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Odontogenic Infection Associated with Facial Vascular Malformation: Diagnostic, Surgical, and Quality-of-Life Considerations That Should Not Be Overlooked"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Nelke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, EMC Hospital, Pilczycka 144 Street, 54-144 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Academy of Applied Sciences, Health Department, Academy of Silesius in Wa\u0142brzych, Zamkowa 4 Street, 58-300 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudiusz","family":"\u0141uczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Ward, EMC Hospital, Pilczycka 144 Street, 54-144 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Gontarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7738-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, SI, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-2271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Janeczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Cypriana K. Norwida 31 Street, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Uranbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n 09100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayel","family":"Rosales D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Hospital Regional de Torreon, Hospital Regional de Torre\u00f3n, Torre\u00f3n 27000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Dobrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Krakowska 26 Street, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Tarnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Cypriana K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuropka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Cypriana K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/186031","article-title":"Navigating trends, collaborations and future directions in the odontogenic lesion literature: 40-year bibliometric mapping analysis","volume":"62","author":"Uranbey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Huang, S., Xu, M., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, K., and Lin, J. (2025). Characteristics and risk factors in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis from different dental infections: A retrospective study based on sinus CT imaging. BMC Oral Health, 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05690-3"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"351","article-title":"Spread of odontogenic infections: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Moghimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.183867","article-title":"A review of complications of odontogenic infections","volume":"6","author":"Bali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl. J. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tapalaga, G., Nica, L.M., Cirligeriu, L.-E., Bumbu, B.A., and Pricop, M. (2024). Assessment of Inflammatory Scores in Severity Prediction for Elderly Patients with Odontogenic Infections. Dent. J., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12110371"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.09.009","article-title":"Vascular malformations of the orbit (lymphatic, venous, arteriovenous): Diagnosis, management and results","volume":"47","author":"Colletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326.E1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.02.012","article-title":"Surgical treatment of vascular malformations of the facial bones","volume":"72","author":"Colletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2024.08.003","article-title":"Surgical treatment of small-sized S3 arterio-venous malformations with neo-adjuvant and adjuvant bleomycin","volume":"52","author":"Colletti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160130","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160130","article-title":"Management of a large diffuse maxillofacial arteriovenous malformation previously treated with ligation of ipsilateral arterial supply","volume":"46","author":"Dmytriw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2018.02383","article-title":"Vascular anomalies of the head and neck: Current overview","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"23","article-title":"Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: Clinical manifestations and endovascular treatments","volume":"8","author":"Tanoue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"703","article-title":"Immune disorders in sepsis and their treatment as a significant problem of modern intensive care","volume":"71","author":"Nelke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postep. Hig. Med. Dosw."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2016.11.004","article-title":"Odontogenic infections","volume":"61","author":"Ogle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419843143","article-title":"The pH value as a factor modifying bacterial colonization of sinonasal mucosa in healthy persons","volume":"128","author":"Jermakow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.15386\/mpr-2759","article-title":"Oral infections-a retrospective study of patients treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic of the Emergency County Clinical Hospital in Sibiu","volume":"97","author":"Lixandru","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Pharm. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.09.005","article-title":"Arteriovenous Malformations of the Head and Neck","volume":"51","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gennaro, P., Cioni, S., Bracco, S., Cascino, F., Latini, L., Abbagnato, M., Massarelli, O., and Gabriele, G. (2023). A single-center retrospective analysis of 14 head and neck AVMs cases treated with a single-day combined endovascular and surgical approach. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13050757"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"300","article-title":"Halitosis\u2013a common medical and social problem. A review on pathology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"75","author":"Zalewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol. Belg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morawska-Kochman, M., Marycz, K., Jermakow, K., Nelke, K., Pawlak, W., and Bochnia, M. (2017). The presence of bacterial microcolonies on the maxillary sinus ciliary epithelium in healthy young individuals. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176776"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonescu, E., Stef, L., Bota, G., Dinu, A., Antonescu, O.-R., and Cristian, A. (2025). The Importance of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) as a Modern and Essential Radiodiagnostic Techniquein the Evaluation of Odonto-Periodontal Pathology in Diabetic Patients. Appl. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/app15179238"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160173","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160173","article-title":"Nasal endoscopy: An adjunct to patient selection for preoperative low-dose CT examination in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"45","author":"Fraczek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lixandru, C.I., Maniu, I., Cernu\u0219c\u0103-Mi\u021bariu, M.M., F\u0103ge\u021ban, M.I., Cernu\u0219c\u0103-Mi\u021bariu, I.S., Domnariu, H.P., Lixandru, G.A., and Domnariu, C.D. (2024). A Post-Implanto-Prosthetic Rehabilitation Study Regarding the Degree of Improvement in Patients\u2019 Quality of Life: A Before\u2013After Study. Healthcare, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12141378"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13322","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of vascular anomalies of the head and neck","volume":"51","author":"Dorrity","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.13324","article-title":"Medical management of vascular anomalies of the head and neck","volume":"51","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2010.08.006","article-title":"Multimodality treatment of locally advanced soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities","volume":"15","author":"Ravo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rep. Pract. Oncol. Radiother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s40487-015-0011-x","article-title":"Treatment of Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas: An Overview","volume":"3","author":"Arifi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Cancers Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-024-06234-4","article-title":"Influence of preoperative embolisation on resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: Cohort study","volume":"166","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1351","article-title":"Arterio-venous malformation of the mandible. Case report and review of literature","volume":"36","author":"Spreafico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-023-00376-z","article-title":"A 16-year retrospective study of vascular anomalies in the head and neck region","volume":"19","author":"Leyman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/sinusitis4010003","article-title":"Association between Maxillary Posterior Teeth Periapical Odontogenic Lesions and Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Thickening: A 3D Volumetric Computed Tomography Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Simuntis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sinusitis"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300213475","article-title":"The interplay between sinus pathology and dental infections","volume":"21","author":"Bhargava","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Micco, P., Riera-Mestre, A., and Imbalzano, E. (2023). Editorial: Vascular malformations and thrombosis. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1196902"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricciardelli, A.R., Robledo, A., Fish, J.E., Kan, P.T., Harris, T.H., and Wythe, J.D. (2023). The Role and Therapeutic Implications of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112876"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-024-00278-z","article-title":"Expert consensus on odontogenic maxillary sinusitis multi-disciplinary treatment","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E17","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.4.FOCUS22123","article-title":"Head and neck arteriovenous malformations: University of Tennessee experience, 2012\u20132022","volume":"53","author":"Dawkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03296-8","article-title":"Clinical outcome and quality of life of multimodal treatment of extracranial arteriovenous malformations: The APOLLON study protocol","volume":"46","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"575","article-title":"Sinusoidal hemangioma","volume":"125","author":"Enjolras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fukuda, M., Izuno, H., Sawada, M., Ujihashi, T., Takano, H., Hori, S., Okawa, J., Ono, T., and Hori, K. (2025). Association Between Oral Function and Oral-Related Quality of Life in Independent Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Taiwan. Healthcare, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13111332"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niazi, S.A., and Bakhsh, A. (2022). Association between Endodontic Infection, Its Treatment and Systemic Health: A Narrative Review. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070931"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Garc\u00eda, M., and Hern\u00e1ndez-Lemus, E. (2021). Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.709438"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maniaci, A., Lentini, M., Vaira, L., Lavalle, S., Ronsivalle, S., Rubulotta, F.M., Lentini, L., Patern\u00f2, D.S., Galletti, C., and Sorbello, M. (2025). The Global Burden of Maxillofacial Trauma in Critical Care: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Prevention, Economics, and Outcomes. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202503.0637.v1"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-015-0078-9","article-title":"Psychological impact of visible differences in patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01929-8","article-title":"A review of mechanisms of disease across PIK3CA-related disorders with vascular manifestations","volume":"16","author":"Canaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-014-0448-3","article-title":"Life-threatening bleeding after tooth extraction due to vascular malformation: A case report and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Kriwalsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1995.0151","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation of the mandible: Life-threatening complications during tooth extraction","volume":"126","author":"Engel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"71","article-title":"Odontogenic sinusitis: Causes, symptoms and treatment. A review of current literature and concepts","volume":"25","author":"Petronis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stomatologija"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/spen.2002.32503","article-title":"Congenital vascular malformations in childhood","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-9590.18.03961-5","article-title":"Vascular malformations: Classification, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Carqueja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muczkowska, N., Mas\u0142owska, K., and Adamska, A. (2025). Extremely Extensive Vascular Malformation Requires Special Preparation for Simple Dental Surgical Procedures-Case Report. Dent. J., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13050217"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.07.033","article-title":"Massive bleeding after a tooth extraction: Diagnosis of unknown arteriovenous malformation of the mandible, a case report","volume":"38","author":"Hasnaoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/7\/2721\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:40:53Z","timestamp":1789990853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/7\/2721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15072721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15072721","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]}}}