{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:32:08Z","timestamp":1791999128057,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Unanticipated difficult airways remain a leading cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality, with traditional bedside predictors demonstrating limited sensitivity. Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a non-invasive adjunct offering real-time visualization and quantitative measurement of airway anatomy. This narrative review, structured according to the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), synthesizes current evidence on POCUS as an adjunct for airway evaluation. We explore the sonoanatomy of the upper airway, the utility of ultrasound in predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation, its critical role in emergency front-of-neck access, and the verification of endotracheal tube placement. Furthermore, we discuss the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in image interpretation and the necessity of standardized training curricula. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for English-language peer-reviewed studies addressing sonographic airway assessment, including sonoanatomy, prediction of difficult laryngoscopy\/intubation, guidance for emergency FONA and endotracheal tube confirmation. Results: POCUS enhances visualization of critical anatomical structures, may improve anatomical assessment and risk stratification when combined with clinical assessment, and it may provide real-time guidance during emergency procedures. Integration of AI has shown promising diagnostic performance, primarily based on surrogate outcomes. Conclusions: Airway ultrasound may represent a shift toward personalized, safer airway management. However, standardized training protocols and validation in diverse clinical settings remain essential. Future research should focus on developing evidence-based algorithms integrating POCUS into airway management guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T02:06:21Z","timestamp":1775441181000},"page":"2726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Airway Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0215-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele Salvatore","family":"Patern\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2156-7554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"La Via","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia Lo","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cKore\u201d University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8127-5045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Lentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, \u201cMaggiore\u201d Hospital, 97015 Modica, Italy"},{"name":"School of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1251-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"Maniaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, \u201cMaggiore\u201d Hospital, 97015 Modica, Italy"},{"name":"School of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette Marie","family":"Bonaccorso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Moltisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Putaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cKore\u201d University, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cMorgagni\u201d Clinic, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9331-2788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Sorbello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cGiovanni Paolo II\u201d Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"},{"name":"School of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, \u201cKore\u201d University, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058","article-title":"Major complications of airway management in the UK: Results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. 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