{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:13:51Z","timestamp":1787832831330,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Complications developing in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) lead to functional impairments and losses in postural balance; however, changes in cognitive functions are also observed and are often overlooked. Dual-task exercises allow simultaneous engagement of balance and cognitive functions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dual-task exercise training on cognitive functions, balance, and functional status in individuals with T2DM. Methods: In this study, 40 individuals diagnosed with T2DM were randomly assigned to three groups: the dual-task exercise group (DTEG, n = 13), the single-task exercise group (STEG, n = 13), and the control group (CG, n = 14). Over eight weeks, balance exercises were administered to the STEG, while simultaneous balance and cognitive exercises were applied to the DTEG, twice weekly under the supervision of a physiotherapist. Participants in the control group received no intervention. Dual-task performance, cognitive functions, balance, and functional status were assessed at baseline and at the end of eight weeks. Dual-task performance was defined as the primary outcome. Results: After the intervention, for the primary outcome, dual-task performance (TUG single-task condition and TUG dual-task condition), both exercise groups showed greater improvements than controls. Both exercise groups also demonstrated significant improvements in balance, functional status, and cognitive outcomes compared to the control group. In the between-group comparisons, both exercise groups showed significant improvements in several cognitive functions compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the MoCA total score was significantly higher in the DTEG compared with the other groups. Conclusions: Both dual-task and single-task exercises improve cognitive function, balance, and functional status in individuals with T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:09:00Z","timestamp":1775549340000},"page":"2761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Examining the Effects of Dual and Single Task Exercises in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3458-1563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidrenur","family":"Aslan Kolukisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, Vocational School of Health Services, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin 08000, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruh","family":"Taspinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35290, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-2285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul","family":"Taspinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir 35290, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70003","DOI":"10.1002\/cph4.70003","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Comorbidities, and Emerging Therapies","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global Estimates of Undiagnosed Diabetes in Adults for 2021","volume":"183","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2025). 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-Being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2025. Diabetes Care, 48, S86\u2013S127.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc25-S005"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e060224226109","DOI":"10.2174\/0115733998272338231213070602","article-title":"Therapeutic Interventions to Improve Static Balance in Type 2 DiabetesMellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"20","author":"Pedro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.08.022","article-title":"Clinical Measures of Balance in People with Type Two Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"58","author":"Dixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3089","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3089","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment and Postural Control Deficit in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Gorniak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0321","article-title":"Brain and Body: A Review of Central Nervous System Contributions to Movement Impairments in Diabetes","volume":"69","author":"Ferris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0892","article-title":"Metformin Use Is Associated with Slowed Cognitive Decline and Reduced Incident Dementia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study","volume":"43","author":"Samaras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-024-10274-6","article-title":"The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Cognitive Performance: A Review of Reviews","volume":"31","author":"Sola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100397","article-title":"Executive Function and Type 2 Diabetes: Putting the Pieces Together","volume":"92","author":"Rucker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology3010003","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Physical Function: A Growing Problem","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1218","article-title":"Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials","volume":"286","author":"Haddad","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2017.1387022","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Structured Exercise in the South Asian Population with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review","volume":"45","author":"Albalawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.08.009","article-title":"Effects of Cognitive Motor Dual-Task Training on Stroke Patients: A RCT-Based Meta-Analysis","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.06.009","article-title":"Definition: Dual-Tasking and Multitasking","volume":"106","author":"MacPherson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"162","article-title":"Dual-Task Conditions on Static Postural Control in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Petrigna","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Aging Phys. Act."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6686910","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6686910","article-title":"Simultaneous Dual-Task Interventions That Improve Cognition in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Implementation-Relevant Details","volume":"2022","author":"Versi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.22540\/JFSF-05-031","article-title":"Dual-Task Exercises in Older Adults: A Structured Review of Current Literature","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Frailty Sarcopenia Falls"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2022.16","article-title":"The Effects of Dual-Task Training on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S125201","article-title":"Effects of Dual Tasks and Dual-Task Training on Postural Stability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Ghai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11610-8","article-title":"Effects of Motor-Cognitive Training on Dual-Task Performance in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"270","author":"Johansson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibror.2020.06.005","article-title":"The Effect of Dual-Task Training on Cognition of People with Different Clinical Conditions: An Overview of Systematic Reviews","volume":"9","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2020","journal-title":"IBRO Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pichierri, G., Wolf, P., Murer, K., and de Bruin, E.D. (2011). Cognitive and Cognitive-Motor Interventions Affecting Physical Functioning: A Systematic Review. BMC Geriatr., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-29"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1177\/02692155231216621","article-title":"The Effect of Dual-Task Training on Cognitive Ability, Physical Function, and Dual-Task Performance in People with Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"38","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrigna, L., Amato, A., Castorina, A., and Musumeci, G. (2025). A Standard Operating Procedure for Dual-Task Training to Improve Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15080785"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barros-Osorio, C., Sandoval-Obando, E., Odar-Rojas, C., Cuyul-V\u00e1squez, I., Mart\u00ednez-Pern\u00eda, D., and Sep\u00falveda-Loyola, W. (2026). Dual Task Performance in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J. Diabetes Investig.","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.70276"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011020186496","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399816999201001203652","article-title":"The Effect of Dual-Task Testing on Balance and Gait Performance in Adults with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Omana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111498","article-title":"Effects of Virtual Reality versus Conventional Balance Training on Balance of the Elderly","volume":"153","author":"Daneshmandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A New Method of Classifying Prognostic Comorbidity in Longitudinal Studies: Development and Validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e31814a6493","article-title":"Attention and Dual-Task Conditions: Physical Therapy Implications for Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury","volume":"31","author":"McCulloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"918719","article-title":"A Review of Dual-Task Walking Deficits in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Motor and Cognitive Contributions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications","volume":"2012","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., He, C., and Pang, M.Y.C. (2016). Reliability and Validity of Dual-Task Mobility Assessments in People with Chronic Stroke. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147833"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.9.888","article-title":"Dual Task Interference during Gait in People with Parkinson Disease: Effects of Motor versus Cognitive Secondary Tasks","volume":"82","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.35469","article-title":"A Clinical Test of Stepping and Change of Direction to Identify Multiple Falling Older Adults","volume":"83","author":"Dite","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2008.06.002","article-title":"Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)","volume":"1","author":"Finnoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"PM & R"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x","article-title":"The Timed \u201cUp & Go\u201d: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M192","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.6.M192","article-title":"Functional Reach: A New Clinical Measure of Balance","volume":"45","author":"Duncan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-Mental State\u201d. A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"9","article-title":"Validity, Reliability and Normative Data of the Stroop Test \u00c7apa Version","volume":"31","author":"Yerlikaya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. Psikiyatr. Derg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/09084280701280502","article-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary","volume":"14","author":"Carone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","article-title":"Exercise\/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine","volume":"54","author":"Kanaley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooke, S., Pennington, K., Jones, A., Bridle, C., Smith, M.F., and Curtis, F. (2020). Effects of Exercise, Cognitive, and Dual-Task Interventions on Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232958"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rucker, J.L., McDowd, J.M., Mahnken, J.D., Burns, J.M., Sabus, C.H., Britton-Carpenter, A.J., Utech, N.B., and Kluding, P.M. (2017). Multitasking in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186583"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000002352","article-title":"Benefits of a Dual-Task Training on Motor and Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"103","author":"Scarmagnan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2142106.053","article-title":"Effects of Physical-Cognitive Training on Physical and Psychological Functions among Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Balance Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"17","author":"Kraiwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Single-Task, Dual-Task and Successive Physical-Cognitive Training on Fall Risk and Balance Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Trial","volume":"9","author":"Burcu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Ther. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Y.-H., Wang, Z., Feng, L.-Y., and Ni, G.-X. (2022). Effect of Exercise on the Cognitive Function of Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.876935"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, W., Su, H., Han, B., Chen, Z., Liu, X., Lv, Y., and Yu, L. (2025). Effects of Exercise on Dynamic Balance in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Life, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/life15060913"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002999","article-title":"Comparing the Effects of Dual-Task Training and Single-Task Training on Walking, Balance and Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"137","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, W., Guo, D., Wang, J., and Chu, X. (2025). Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329397"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237004","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.7004","article-title":"Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Cognitive Function in Adults 60 Years or Older with Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment in China","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2012.24.198-202","article-title":"The Effect of Physical Activity on Cognition\u2015Physiological Mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Gligoroska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Sociomed."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001936","article-title":"Physical Activity, Cognition, and Brain Outcomes: A Review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines","volume":"51","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herold, F., Hamacher, D., Schega, L., and M\u00fcller, N.G. (2018). Thinking While Moving or Moving While Thinking\u2015Concepts of Motor-Cognitive Training for Cognitive Performance Enhancement. Front. Aging Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00228"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-024-01677-7","article-title":"Practice Makes Better? The Influence of Increased Practice on Task Conflict in the Stroop Task","volume":"53","author":"Najenson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000092","article-title":"Improving Functional Capacity in Heart Failure: The Need for a Multifaceted Approach","volume":"29","author":"Arena","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.08.035","article-title":"Functional Reach Test: Movement Strategies in Diabetic Subjects","volume":"39","author":"Maranesi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.809","article-title":"Gait Characteristics of Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review","volume":"24","author":"Allet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3200\/JMBR.41.2.172-192","article-title":"Diabetes and Postural Stability: Review and Hypotheses","volume":"41","author":"Bonnet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mot. Behav."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii7","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl077","article-title":"Postural Orientation and Equilibrium: What Do We Need to Know about Neural Control of Balance to Prevent Falls?","volume":"35","author":"Horak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01291-x","article-title":"Biomechanical Mechanisms Underlying the Effect of Minimalist Footwear on Walking Stability in Persons with a History of Falls","volume":"6","author":"Cudejko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000052","article-title":"Does Footwear Matter When Performing Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis Among Older Women?","volume":"38","author":"Calders","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/7\/2761\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:42:51Z","timestamp":1775551371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/7\/2761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15072761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15072761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]}}}