{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:44:00Z","timestamp":1775555040089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: M\u00fcllerian cysts of the posterior mediastinum are exceedingly rare benign lesions that closely resemble other mediastinal cysts on imaging, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. Methods: Here, we report the case of a 36-year-old woman in whom a paravertebral cystic lesion at the T8 level was incidentally detected during evaluation of nonspecific pain in the right upper limb. Laboratory tests and chest computed tomography were unremarkable apart from the well-circumscribed homogeneous mediastinal cyst. The lesion was completely excised via video-assisted thoracoscopic resection. Results: Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed M\u00fcllerian differentiation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence was observed during 10 months of follow-up. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering M\u00fcllerian cysts in the differential diagnosis of posterior mediastinal lesions and demonstrates that complete resection is both diagnostic and curative. A review of the currently available literature offers up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for these exceptionally rare lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15072773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:09:00Z","timestamp":1775549340000},"page":"2773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rare Posterior Mediastinal M\u00fcllerian Cyst Resected by VATS: Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-1018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata Edyta","family":"Wojty\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Sk\u00f3rka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Club of Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Podsiad\u0142o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Scientific Club of Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Ptaszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Regional Hospital SPWSZ in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Rodak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Regional Hospital SPWSZ in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Jakubowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-8155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Grodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"tzaf009","article-title":"A diagnostic approach to mediastinal masses in clinical practice","volume":"7","author":"Mura","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2022.0606","article-title":"MRI-Based Stepwise Approach to Anterior Mediastinal Cystic Lesions for Diagnosis and Further Management","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean J. 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