{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:54:01Z","timestamp":1785405241014,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2026R168)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2026R168)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2026R168)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2026R168)"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05b0cyh02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Weightlifters commonly use upper-extremity high-load training, which encompasses techniques ranging from momentary failure to non-failure. However, little is known about how this training affects posture and core endurance, despite knowing that these factors are risk factors for weightlifting injuries. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate effects of upper-extremity high-load training to momentary failure versus non-failure, using the dumbbell overhead press, on posture and core endurance in recreational collegiate weightlifters. Methods: Fifty recreational weightlifters aged 18\u201324 with two years of upper extremity resistance training experience were recruited for this study. The participants performed dumbbell overhead press exercises under high-load failure (HL-F) and high-load non-failure (HL-NF) conditions two days after 1RM testing and calculation of the 80% 1RM load. The study analyzed postural changes using photographic data processed in Kinovea, while core endurance was assessed during a prone plank test. Standardized warm-ups, controlled exercise execution, and pre- and post-exercise assessments were conducted to measure core endurance and postural alterations. Results: The thoracic kyphosis angle, together with scapular balance angle and lateral scapular slide distance, increased significantly after HL-F compared to the unloading state, while the craniovertebral angle and prone plank time decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). The HL-NF condition showed no statistically significant differences relative to the unloading measurements (p &gt; 0.05). The unloading measurements across testing days were consistent, indicating no carryover effect (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that high-load training to failure adversely affects posture and core endurance, increasing fatigue and potentially increasing the risk of acute injuries. Non-failure training maintains stability, underscoring the importance of strategic program design for achieving optimal performance while minimizing adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:49:44Z","timestamp":1775641784000},"page":"2815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Effects of High-Load Training to Failure vs. Non-Failure on Posture and Core Endurance in Collegiate Weightlifters: A Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-5480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama R.","family":"Abdelraouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8448-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr A.","family":"Abdel-Aziem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza 12611, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4749-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nouf H.","family":"Alkhamees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zizi M.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3756-3125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehab M.","family":"Aboelela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fitness Pioneers Institute, Jeddah 23451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem S.","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Ashour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0157-y","article-title":"The Effect of Strength Training on Performance in Endurance Athletes","volume":"44","author":"Beattie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2335-4304","article-title":"Lower Body Weightlifting Injuries Treated in United States Emergency Departments from 2012\u20132021","volume":"45","author":"Aceto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelraouf, O.R., Abdel-aziem, A.A., Ghally, S.A., Osama, L.A., Dawood, R.S., Yehia, A.M., Eed, E.M., Ei-Gendy, A.M., and Radwan, R.E. (2022). Innovative Use of Biodex Balance System to Improve Dynamic Stabilization and Function of Upper Quarter in Recreational Weightlifters: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58111631"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2014.01.003","article-title":"Appearance-based exercise motivation moderates the relationship between exercise frequency and positive body image","volume":"11","author":"Homan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2018026168","article-title":"Epidemiology and Trends of Weightlifting-Related Sprains and Strains that Presented to Emergency Departments in the United States","volume":"28","author":"Burekhovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Long Term Eff. Med. Implant."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrushud, A.S. (2024). A cross-sectional study of musculoskeletal injuries related to exercise among gym members in Saudi Arabia in 2022: Prevalence, common types, and predictor factors. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07733-2"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zemkov\u00e1, E. (2022). Strength and Power-Related Measures in Assessing Core Muscle Performance in Sport and Rehabilitation. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.861582"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003413","article-title":"High Resistance-Training Volume Enhances Muscle Thickness in Resistance-Trained Men","volume":"36","author":"Brigatto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001764","article-title":"Resistance Training Volume Enhances Muscle Hypertrophy but Not Strength in Trained Men","volume":"51","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002776","article-title":"Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review","volume":"35","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002200","article-title":"Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3214-9","article-title":"Muscle activation during three sets to failure at 80 vs. 30% 1RM resistance exercise","volume":"115","author":"Jenkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01978-y","article-title":"Effect of Strength Training Programs in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners\u2019 Economy at Different Running Speeds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Moran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2020.96317","article-title":"Effect of resistance training to muscle failure vs non-failure on strength, hypertrophy and muscle architecture in trained individuals","volume":"37","author":"Santanielo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sports"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000758","article-title":"Dose-Response of 1, 3, and 5 Sets of Resistance Exercise on Strength, Local Muscular Endurance, and Hypertrophy","volume":"29","author":"Radaelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1564254","article-title":"Short-term Recovery Following Resistance Exercise Leading or not to Failure","volume":"37","author":"Ribas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001787","article-title":"Effect of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure vs. Volitional Interruption at High- and Low-Intensities on Muscle Mass and Strength","volume":"32","author":"Ugrinowitsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.01.007","article-title":"Effects of resistance training performed to repetition failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Grgic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sport Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.83008","article-title":"The effects of resistance training experience on movement characteristics in the bench press exercise","volume":"37","author":"Maszczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Sports"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0b013e3181b95a49","article-title":"Overhead Pressing Power\/Strength Movements","volume":"31","author":"Waller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Strength Cond. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140602","article-title":"Improving Shoulder Kinematics in Individuals With Paraplegia: Comparison Across Circuit Resistance Training Exercises and Modifications in Hand Position","volume":"96","author":"Riek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.11.014","article-title":"Kinematic characteristics of the scapula and clavicle during military press exercise and shoulder flexion","volume":"23","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elb. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002308","article-title":"Acute Effects of the Elevation Training Mask on Strength Performance in Recreational Weight lifters","volume":"32","author":"Jagim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029312","article-title":"Single-case experimental designs: A systematic review of published research and current standards","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Baechle, T.R., Earle, R.W., and National Strength & Conditioning Association (U.S.) (2008). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, Human Kinetics. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"National Strength & Conditioning Association (2016). Exercise Technique Manual for Resistance Training, Human Kinetics. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002785","article-title":"Effect of 2- vs. 3-Minute Interrepetition Rest Period on Maximal Clean Technique and Performance","volume":"34","author":"Ammar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125231176729","article-title":"Drop-Set Resistance Training versus Pyramidal and Traditional Sets Elicits Greater Psychophysiological Responses in Men","volume":"130","author":"Enes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Percept. Mot. Ski."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02170-6","article-title":"Optimizing Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Athletic Tasks: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis for Prescription Variables and Research Methods","volume":"55","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puig-Div\u00ed, A., Escalona-Marfil, C., Padull\u00e9s-Riu, J.M., Busquets, A., Padull\u00e9s-Chando, X., and Marcos-Ruiz, D. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Kinovea program in obtaining angles and distances using coordinates in 4 perspectives. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216448"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-200334","article-title":"Effects of smartphone screen viewing duration and body position on head and neck posture in elementary school children","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Back Musculoskelet. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0027","article-title":"Cervical and shoulder postural assessment of adolescents between 15 and 17 years old and association with upper quadrant pain","volume":"18","author":"Ruivo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2017.01.005","article-title":"Photogrammetric Assessment of Upper Body Posture Using Postural Angles: A Literature Review","volume":"16","author":"Singla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"306","article-title":"Reliability of the sitting hand press-up test for identifying and quantifying the level of scapular medial border posterior displacement in overhead athletes","volume":"6","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"191","article-title":"Scapular Dyskinesis: Related Pathology","volume":"23","author":"Arriaza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.03.003","article-title":"Sport-specific endurance plank test for evaluation of global core muscle function","volume":"15","author":"Tong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Sport"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000000801","article-title":"Assessments of Core Fitness","volume":"26","author":"Behm","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACSMs Health Fit. J."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"357","article-title":"Reliability assessment and correlation analysis of 3 protocols to measure trunk muscle strength and endurance","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"739","article-title":"Posture analysis of Turkish National Weightlifting Team","volume":"15","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hum. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e840f3","article-title":"The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training","volume":"24","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b86712","article-title":"Youth Versus Adult \u201cWeightlifting\u201d Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Rooms: Accidental Versus Nonaccidental Injury Mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Myer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6106943","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6106943","article-title":"Isokinetic Assessment of Shoulder Joint Strength Ratios in Male Recreational Weightlifters: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"2022","author":"Abdelraouf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Bionics Biomech."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818eafb4","article-title":"Shoulder Joint and Muscle Characteristics in the Recreational Weight Training Population","volume":"23","author":"Kolber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Strength Cond. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.31727","article-title":"Current Views of Scapular Dyskinesis and its Possible Clinical Relevance","volume":"17","author":"Sciascia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moon, S.E., and Kim, Y.K. (2023). Neck and Shoulder Pain with Scapular Dyskinesis in Computer Office Workers. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59122159"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260021701","article-title":"The Effects of Muscle Fatigue on Shoulder Joint Position Sense","volume":"26","author":"Carpenter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2019029","article-title":"Scapular Dyskinesia, the forgotten culprit of shoulder pain and how to rehabilitate","volume":"5","author":"Panagiotopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"SICOT-J"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113481200","article-title":"Core Stability Training for Injury Prevention","volume":"5","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Health A Multidiscip. Approach"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"132","article-title":"Integrating shoulder and core exercises when rehabilitating athletes performing overhead activities","volume":"4","author":"Brumitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967114S00173","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114S00173","article-title":"Is There a Relation Between Shoulder Dysfunction and Core Instability?","volume":"2","author":"Hazar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318241377c","article-title":"Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Feed-Forward Activation of Deep Abdominal Muscles in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"37","author":"Vasseljen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2020.102487","article-title":"Effect of local and general fatiguing exercises on disturbed and static postural control","volume":"56","author":"Lyu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00003-8","article-title":"Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain","volume":"34","author":"Hodges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthop. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.05.009","article-title":"Effects of general and local fatigue on postural control: A review","volume":"36","author":"Paillard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199409000-00014","article-title":"Fatigue contributes to the strength training stimulus","volume":"26","author":"Rodney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll, K., Bazyler, C., Bernards, J., Taber, C., Stuart, C., DeWeese, B., Sato, K., and Stone, M.H. (2019). Skeletal Muscle Fiber Adaptations Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums or Relative Intensity. Sports, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7070169"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.5.370","article-title":"Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training","volume":"36","author":"Folland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0045","article-title":"Divergent Performance Outcomes Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums or Relative Intensity","volume":"14","author":"Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0862-z","article-title":"The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations","volume":"48","author":"Suchomel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0355-2","article-title":"Short-term Periodization Models: Effects on Strength and Speed-strength Performance","volume":"45","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000473","article-title":"Does Training to Failure Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy?","volume":"41","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Strength Cond. J."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383965","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2383965","article-title":"Postural control during the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters","volume":"56","author":"Giustino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2815\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:23:49Z","timestamp":1775643829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2815"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15082815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15082815","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]}}}