{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:46:28Z","timestamp":1775742388914,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Blunt abdominal trauma is a frequent challenge in emergency medicine, but its diagnosis and treatment become significantly more complex when rare anatomical anomalies are present. Atypical anatomy may mask symptoms or mimic other acute abdominal conditions, causing delays in treatment. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on six rare anatomical anomalies and their impact on the consequences of blunt abdominal trauma. Methods: A Narrative literature review was undertaken, covering PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, analysing publications from 1960 to 2025. Case reports and case series (91 patients in total) with confirmed organ damage following blunt trauma in the course of: duodenal diverticulum, Meckel\u2019s diverticulum, splenic torsion, rupture or torsion of the accessory spleen, visceral inversion (situs inversus) and horseshoe kidney. Results: Demographic analysis revealed a predominance of perforations of the duodenal diverticulum in older women (mean age 62 years), while younger men predominated in all other groups. The clinical picture was often non-specific or misleading, especially in situs inversus, where the location of pain did not correlate with the typical topography of organs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has proved to be a key diagnostic tool, surpassing ultrasound\/FAST scans due to its ability to provide precise anatomical imaging. Surgical treatment was predominant (100% in Meckel\u2019s diverticulum, 95% in duodenal diverticulum), while conservative treatment was effective in horseshoe kidney injuries (94.8%). Mortality was highest in situs inversus (29%) and duodenal diverticulum perforation (20%). The vast majority of these fatal cases occurred in the era of modern computed tomography, suggesting that the therapeutic challenges stem directly from the specific nature of these anomalies, rather than from past diagnostic limitations. Conclusions: Anatomical anomalies significantly modulate the clinical manifestations of blunt abdominal trauma, increasing the risk of diagnostic errors. Early contrast-enhanced computed tomography and awareness of these rare pathologies are crucial for appropriate management and improved prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1775737292000},"page":"2842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rare and Unusual Consequences of Blunt Abdominal Trauma\u2014The Significance of Anatomical Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5584-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Rybicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Clinic, Institute of Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Bia\u0142as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Jachymczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Karolczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3667-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8228-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Dobrowolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1665-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz Marek","family":"Czy\u017cewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Czy\u017cewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Group, Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Paszowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0962-228X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karol Kamil","family":"K\u0142osi\u0144ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Intraoral body-piercing: A case report","volume":"44","author":"Reichl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gen. 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