{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:49:05Z","timestamp":1789426145451,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (t-EUS) has transformed the management of biliopancreatic diseases by enabling minimally invasive access and intervention through the gastrointestinal wall. This narrative review summarizes current indications and evolving roles of t-EUS in benign and malignant biliary disease, with a focus on the different modalities of transmural drainage, EUS-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), and EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA). In benign settings, EUS-gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy for high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis, offering internal drainage with fewer tube-related adverse events. In malignant biliary obstruction, transmural drainages are consolidated alternatives of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as first-line or rescue strategies, providing durable internal biliary drainage, avoiding post-ERCP pancreatitis without deteriorating quality of life. In surgically altered anatomy, t-EUS overcomes the limitations of enteroscopy-assisted ERCP by creating direct access routes to the biliary tree or pancreatic duct. EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage offers a rescue or primary approach in benign strictures, anastomotic stenosis, and disconnected duct syndrome. EUS-GE has rapidly become a preferred modality for palliation of gastric outlet obstruction in pancreatic cancer, while EUS-RFA provides a platform for locoregional therapy in selected cases of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Collectively, these applications position t-EUS as a central tool in the multidisciplinary management of complex biliopancreatic disease, with ongoing innovations expected to further expand its indications and safety and to refine patient selection and training pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1775737292000},"page":"2848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound in Biliopancreatic Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelio","family":"Mauro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8085-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Crisciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8159-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7051-5432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Scalvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cappellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Aprile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Torello","family":"Viera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Letizia","family":"Veronese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Anderloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2022.101813","article-title":"Introduction","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Arcidiacono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_39_19","article-title":"Therapeutic EUS: New tools, new devices, new applications","volume":"8","author":"Braden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-21-00177","article-title":"Current landscape of therapeutic EUS: Changing paradigms in gastroenterology practice","volume":"12","author":"Vanella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1738-6780","article-title":"Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Technical Review","volume":"54","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"101810","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary interventions","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Ogura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05828.x","article-title":"Single session versus separate session endoscopic ultrasonography plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in patients with low to moderate risk for choledocholithiasis","volume":"24","author":"Fabbri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietrich, C.F., Arcidiacono, P.G., Bhutani, M.S., Braden, B., Burmester, E., Fusaroli, P., Hocke, M., Ignee, A., Jenssen, C., and Al-Lehibi, A. (2024). Controversies in Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16091616"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2019.01.03","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage: A comprehensive review","volume":"4","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.03.026","article-title":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the role of therapeutic EUS in the management of biliary tract disorders: Methodology and review of evidence","volume":"100","author":"Marya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08418-w","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage in benign biliary pathology with normal foregut anatomy: A multicenter study","volume":"36","author":"Bill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-22-00077","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided biliary drainage for benign biliary obstruction\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kamal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001543","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of EUS Rendezvous After Failed Biliary Cannulation With ERCP: A Systematic Review and Proportion Meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"Klair","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14636","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-rendezvous versus percutaneous-endoscopic rendezvous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct access: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.06.055","article-title":"Adverse events with EUS-guided biliary drainage: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Giri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E400","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2587-8500","article-title":"Same-session endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis with lumen-apposing metal stent and rendezvous for biliary stones in invisible papilla","volume":"57","author":"Scalvini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1717-1391","article-title":"Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"54","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-215","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Gallbladder Interventions: A Review of the Current Literature","volume":"28","author":"Crino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tige.2025.250912","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage for Acute Cholecystitis and for Expanded Indications: Technique and Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Anderloni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tech. Innov. Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/eus.0000000000000128","article-title":"The i-EUS consensus on EUS-guided gallbladder drainage: A 3-step modified Delphi approach","volume":"14","author":"Facciorusso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.12.039","article-title":"AGA Clinical Practice Update on Role of EUS-Guided Gallbladder Drainage in Acute Cholecystitis: Commentary","volume":"21","author":"Irani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09712-x","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided cholecystostomy versus percutaneous cholecystostomy (PTC) in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients unfit for surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hemerly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319996","article-title":"Endosonography-guided gallbladder drainage versus percutaneous cholecystostomy in very high-risk surgical patients with acute cholecystitis: An international randomised multicentre controlled superiority trial (DRAC 1)","volume":"69","author":"Teoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16392","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage with long-term lumen-apposing metal stent indwell: 1-year results from a prospective nationwide observational study","volume":"39","author":"Bazaga","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2024.101888","article-title":"Complications and management of interventional endoscopic ultrasound: A critical review","volume":"69","author":"Fabbri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.70239","article-title":"Multicenter Analysis of the Learning Curve for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage: A Cumulative Sum Approach","volume":"41","author":"Oh","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2340-0697","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound- versus ERCP-guided primary drainage of inoperable malignant distal biliary obstruction: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"56","author":"Khoury","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.033","article-title":"Adverse Events Associated with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"168","author":"Bishay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.04.016","article-title":"EUS-Guided Choledocho-duodenostomy Using Lumen Apposing Stent Versus ERCP with Covered Metallic Stents in Patients with Unresectable Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (DRA-MBO Trial)","volume":"165","author":"Teoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0122-8","article-title":"EUS-Guided Biliary Drainage Versus ERCP for the Primary Palliation of Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"113","author":"Paik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2544-6325","article-title":"Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage on the management of difficult biliary cannulation in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction","volume":"57","author":"Spadaccini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.03.015","article-title":"Efficacy of EUS-guided and ERCP-guided biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction: Prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"88","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.03.012","article-title":"Stent placement by EUS or ERCP for primary biliary decompression in pancreatic cancer: A randomized trial (with videos)","volume":"88","author":"Bang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.024","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage of First Intent with a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent vs Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study (ELEMENT Trial)","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2025.09.003","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Choledochoduodenostomy vs Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction to Prevent Postprocedural Pancreatitis: A Randomized Trial","volume":"170","author":"Anderloni","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i10.976","article-title":"Feasibility of therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound in the bridge-to-surgery scenario: The example of pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Vanella","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_42_20","article-title":"Learning curve for EUS-guided biliary drainage: What have we learned?","volume":"9","author":"Tyberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanella, G., Leone, R., Frigo, F., Bronswijk, M., van Wanrooij, R.L.J., Tamburrino, D., Orsi, G., Belfiori, G., Macchini, M., and Reni, M. (2025). Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy versus hepaticogastrostomy combined with gastroenterostomy in malignant double obstruction (CABRIOLET_Pro): A prospective comparative study. DEN Open, 5.","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.70024"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"678","article-title":"Lumen-Apposing Stents with or Without Pigtail in Endosonography-Guided Biliary Drainage for Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction","volume":"24","author":"Higuera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazza, S., Masciangelo, G., Mauro, A., Scalvini, D., Viera, F.T., Bardone, M., Veronese, L., Rovedatti, L., Agazzi, S., and Strada, E. (2024). Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Comprehensive Review on Technical Tips and Clinical Outcomes. Diagnostics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14232644"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11245-4","article-title":"Biliary drainage in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction: Results of an Italian consensus conference","volume":"38","author":"Marzioni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0000000000000992","article-title":"Choledochoduodenostomy Versus Hepaticogastrostomy in Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Drainage for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"32","author":"Mao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg. Laparosc. Endosc. Percutaneous Tech."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/den.13406","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy and hepaticogastrostomy for malignant distal biliary obstruction: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Minaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2282-3350","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: A meta-regression analysis","volume":"56","author":"Binda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsakarneh, S., Madi, M.Y., Dahiya, D.S., Jaber, F., Kilani, Y., Ahmed, M., Beran, A., Abdallah, M., Al Ta\u2019ani, O., and Mittal, A. (2024). Is Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy Safe and Effective After Failed Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography?\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13133883"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.04.032","article-title":"Endoscopic biliary drainage in patients with surgically altered anatomy: The Street multicenter study","volume":"103","author":"Mauro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3786","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11760-y","article-title":"Evaluating the use of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy combined with antegrade stenting for malignant biliary obstruction and comparing to EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy alone for patients who failed ERCP: A pairwise and single-arm meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Martins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_68_20","article-title":"Feasibility of EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy for inoperable malignant hilar biliary strictures","volume":"10","author":"Winkler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1195-8197","article-title":"ERCP plus endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A multicenter observational open-label study","volume":"53","author":"Kongkam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/eus.0000000000000055","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided hepatogastrostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Moond","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_68_19","article-title":"Risk factors for adverse events associated with bile leak during EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy","volume":"9","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.11.005","article-title":"Usefulness of a dedicated laser-cut metal stent with an anchoring hook and thin delivery system for EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy in malignant biliary obstruction: A prospective multicenter trial (with video)","volume":"101","author":"Itonaga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i1.70","article-title":"Use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a rescue approach in cases of unsuccessful biliary drainage","volume":"30","author":"Fugazza","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-025-09417-w","article-title":"Endoscopic Choledochoduodenostomy Versus Gallbladder Drainage for Malignant Biliary Obstruction: A Propensity Score Matched Study","volume":"71","author":"Siranart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"37","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder versus bile duct drainage for first-line therapy of malignant biliary obstruction: International multicenter trial","volume":"58","author":"Mangiavillano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14750","article-title":"Effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy vs. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage for jaundice in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Retrospective, multicenter study (GALLBLADEUS Study)","volume":"37","author":"Debourdeau","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoury, T., Farraj, M., Sbeit, W., Fusaroli, P., Barbara, G., Binda, C., Fabbri, C., Basheer, M., Leblanc, S., and Fumex, F. (2025). EUS-Guided Gallbladder Drainage of Inoperable Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction by Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17121983"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.07.025","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of Endoscopic ultrasound--guided gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis with \u22651 year of follow-up: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Canakis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.06.054","article-title":"EUS-guided gallbladder drainage using a lumen-apposing metal stent as rescue treatment for malignant distal biliary obstruction: A large multicenter experience","volume":"98","author":"Binda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spadaccini, M., Giacchetto, C.M., Fiacca, M., Colombo, M., Andreozzi, M., Carrara, S., Maselli, R., Sacc\u00e0, F., De Marco, A., and Franchellucci, G. (2023). Endoscopic Biliary Drainage in Surgically Altered Anatomy. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243623"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"994","article-title":"Transenteric ERCP via EUS-guided anastomosis using lumen-apposing metal stents in patients with surgically altered anatomy (with video)","volume":"103","author":"Bronswijk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-09926-7","article-title":"Efficacy & safety of EUS-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (EDGE) in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass anatomy: A systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Deliwala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antonini, F., Rizzo, G.E.M., Vanella, G., Fuccio, L., Lisotti, A., Bronswijk, M., P\u00e9rez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., Binda, C., Mazza, S., and Anderloni, A. (2025). Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (EDGE): Techniques, Outcomes and Safety Profiles. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165675"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.06.030","article-title":"The i-EUS consensus on the management of pancreatic fluid collections\u2014Part 1","volume":"56","author":"Capurso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2021.185","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Endoscopic Management of Peripancreatic Fluid Collections","volume":"54","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2654-4317","article-title":"Encapsulation levels rather than elapsed time after the onset of acute pancreatitis are related to clinical outcomes of pancreatic walled-off necrosis","volume":"57","author":"Maruta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.11.003","article-title":"Early (<4 weeks) versus standard (\u22654 weeks) endoscopic drainage of pancreatic walled-off fluid collections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Ramai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0759-1353","article-title":"Lumen-apposing stents versus plastic stents in the management of pancreatic pseudocysts: A large, comparative, international, multicenter study","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.031","article-title":"An Endoscopic Transluminal Approach, Compared with Minimally Invasive Surgery, Reduces Complications and Costs for Patients with Necrotizing Pancreatitis","volume":"156","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00331-X","article-title":"Upfront endoscopic necrosectomy or step-up endoscopic approach for infected necrotising pancreatitis (DESTIN): A single-blinded, multicentre, randomised trial","volume":"9","author":"Bang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen, G.A., Schmidt, P.N., Hadi, A., Prahm, A.P., Werge, M.P., Roug, S., Schefte, D.F., Lauritsen, M.L., Hansen, E.F., and Novovic, S. (2025). Accelerated vs Step-Up Endoscopic Treatment for Pancreatic Walled-Off Necrosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial (ACCELERATE). Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.08.007"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2021.09.025","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a novel resection system for direct endoscopic necrosectomy of walled-off pancreas necrosis: A prospective, international, multicenter trial","volume":"95","author":"Stassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E962","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2376-1913","article-title":"Direct endoscopic necrosectomy: Pilot study of a new dedicated device","volume":"12","author":"Ligresti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.12.026","article-title":"EUS-guided transluminal drainage using lumen-apposing metal stents with or without coaxial plastic stents for treatment of walled-off necrotizing pancreatitis: A prospective bicentric randomized controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"Vanek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12048","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreatic duct access: Techniques and literature review of pancreatography, transmural drainage and rendezvous techniques","volume":"25","author":"Itoi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomishima, K., Isayama, H., Suzuki, A., Ishii, S., Takahashi, S., and Fujisawa, T. (2025). Technical review of endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage\/anastomosis and trans-endosonographically created route procedures for the treatment of pancreatic diseases. DEN Open, 5.","DOI":"10.1002\/deo2.393"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_474_18","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage","volume":"25","author":"Nakai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfieri, D., Delogu, C., Mazza, S., Mauro, A., Bartolotta, E., Cappellini, A., Scalvini, D., Viera, F.T., Bardone, M., and Anderloni, A. (2025). The Role and Appropriate Selection of Guidewires in Biliopancreatic Endoscopy. Medicina, 61.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61050913"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E735","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0607-2484","article-title":"Antegrade pancreatoscopy via EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy allows removal of obstructive pancreatic duct stones","volume":"6","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2004.04.004","article-title":"Palliative therapy for pancreatic\/biliary cancer","volume":"13","author":"House","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg. Oncol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000001101","article-title":"Advancing care in malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A contemporary review of management strategies","volume":"41","author":"Wierzbicka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i16.1847","article-title":"Malignant gastric outlet obstruction: Which is the best therapeutic option?","volume":"26","author":"Troncone","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.01.041","article-title":"Long-term outcome of palliative therapy for gastric outlet obstruction caused by unresectable gastric cancer in patients with good performance status: Endoscopic stenting versus surgery","volume":"78","author":"No","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.70131","article-title":"Comparing Palliative Approaches for GOO in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"133","author":"Rao","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12794","article-title":"Technical review of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy in 2017","volume":"29","author":"Itoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v16.i8.451","article-title":"Unveiling hidden outcomes in malignant gastric outlet obstruction research\u2014Insights from a \u201cPancreas 2000\u201d review","volume":"16","author":"Rizzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/eus.eus_70_19","article-title":"EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for the management of gastric outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000002242","article-title":"Standardizing Success and Troubleshooting in EUS-Guided Gastroenterostomy: An International Technical Review (with Videos)","volume":"60","author":"Vanella","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.10.026","article-title":"Best practices for Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Gastroenterostomy: Technical recommendations from an International modified Delphi process","volume":"103","author":"Vanella","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2119-7529","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy with lumen-apposing metal stents: A retrospective multicentric comparison of wireless and over-the-wire techniques","volume":"55","author":"Monino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1474","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0996-8178","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for benign and malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"McCarty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E276","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-101789","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent: A multicenter, international experience","volume":"4","author":"Tyberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2025-336339","article-title":"Endoscopic or surgical gastroenterostomy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A randomised trial","volume":"75","author":"Bang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2025.12.022","article-title":"EUS-guided versus surgical gastroenterostomy for the management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Maida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(25)00136-0","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy versus uncovered duodenal metal stenting for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstruction (DRA-GOO): A multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Teoh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2023.05.007","article-title":"Postoperative pancreatitis and pancreatic fistulae: A review of current evidence","volume":"25","author":"Chui","year":"2023","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-8266(01)00126-4","article-title":"Radiofrequency tumor ablation: Principles and techniques","volume":"13","author":"Goldberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofland, J., Falconi, M., Christ, E., Casta\u00f1o, J.P., Faggiano, A., Lamarca, A., Perren, A., Petrucci, S., Prasad, V., and Ruszniewski, P. (2023). European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes. J. Neuroendocrinol., 35.","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13318"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kos-Kud\u0142a, B., Casta\u00f1o, J.P., Denecke, T., Grande, E., Kjaer, A., Koumarianou, A., de Mestier, L., Partelli, S., Perren, A., and St\u00e4ttner, S. (2023). European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) 2023 guidance paper for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. J. Neuroendocrinol., 35.","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13343"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.08.085","article-title":"EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of pancreatic insulinoma by using a novel needle electrode (with videos)","volume":"83","author":"Lakhtakia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0583-8387","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of benign solid pancreatic tumors","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armellini, E., Facciorusso, A., and Crin\u00f2, S.F. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020359"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00282","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation: A New Therapeutic Approach for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"104","author":"Oleinikov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1754","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1261-9359","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A case series","volume":"8","author":"Imperatore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.022","article-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Surgical Resection for Treatment of Pancreatic Insulinoma","volume":"21","author":"Napoleon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.04.003","article-title":"Risk factors for EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation adverse events in patients with pancreatic neoplasms: A large national French study (RAFPAN study)","volume":"98","author":"Lisotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.08.048","article-title":"Initial experience of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation of unresectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"83","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1468","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of unresectable pancreatic cancer with low ablation power and multiple applications: A preliminary study of 11 patients","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld.2014.1121.271.eus","article-title":"EUS-guided Radiofrequency Ablation (EUS-RFA) of Solid Pancreatic Neoplasm Using an 18-gauge Needle Electrode: Feasibility, Safety, and Technical Success","volume":"27","author":"Bernardoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gastrointestin Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6217-x","article-title":"Technique, safety, and feasibility of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation in unresectable pancreatic cancer","volume":"32","author":"Scopelliti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-21-00049","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation for unresectable pancreatic cancer: A prospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20316-2","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) for advanced pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Thosani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02787-1","article-title":"High-dimensional single-cell analysis delineates radiofrequency ablation induced immune microenvironmental remodeling in pancreatic cancer","volume":"11","author":"Fei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-22-0379","article-title":"Radiofrequency Ablation Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment and Promotes Neutrophil-Mediated Abscopal Immunomodulation in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Faraoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.04.054","article-title":"Combined phosphorus-32 implantation and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: A propensity score-weighted landmark analysis","volume":"103","author":"Lim","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2020.03.1237","article-title":"Sa1441 Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Pancreatic Metastases from Renal Cell Cancer: Feasibility and Safety\u2014Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"91","author":"Biasutto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chanez, B., Caillol, F., Ratone, J.P., Pesenti, C., Rochigneux, P., Pignot, G., Thomassin, J., Brunelle, S., Walz, J., and Salem, N. (2021). Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation as a Future Alternative to Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Study. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215267"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.2232","article-title":"Comparison of Society Guidelines for the Management and Surveillance of Pancreatic Cysts: A Review","volume":"157","author":"Aziz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v7.i4.52","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation, for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"7","author":"Pai","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0824-7067","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"51","author":"Barthet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1250-7786","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic microcystic serous cystic neoplasms: A retrospective study","volume":"53","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/den.12398","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac ganglion radiofrequency ablation for pain control in pancreatic carcinoma","volume":"27","author":"Jin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2018.08.005","article-title":"EUS-guided celiac ganglion radiofrequency ablation versus celiac plexus neurolysis for palliation of pain in pancreatic cancer: A randomized controlled trial (with videos)","volume":"89","author":"Bang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2848\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:44:04Z","timestamp":1775738644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2848"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15082848"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15082848","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]}}}