{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:29:55Z","timestamp":1775813395886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammation is central to myocardial injury and repair after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established biomarker of systemic inflammation, but its prognostic thresholds across patient subgroups are not well defined. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, admission CRP was analyzed in 958 consecutive STEMI patients admitted to University Hospital Salzburg 2018\u20132020 and categorized into four groups (Serum CRP &lt; 5.0, 5.0\u20139.9, 10.0\u201315, and &gt;15.0 mg\/dL). Mortality was assessed during short- (30, 90, and 180 days) and long-term (1, 3, and 5 years) follow-up. Kaplan\u2013Meier analyses compared survival, Cox regression tested associations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves determined discriminatory value and optimal cut-offs. Results: Elevated admission CRP was associated with larger infarct size, impaired left ventricular function, and increased mortality. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves showed progressively poorer survival with higher CRP, with worst outcomes at &gt;15 mg\/dL. At 30, 90, and 180 days, CRP demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC 0.628, 0.653, and 0.654; all p &lt; 0.001), with predictive cut-offs 11\u201315 mg\/dL in the overall cohort. Subgroup analyses revealed markedly lower thresholds in vulnerable populations. Diabetic patients showed cut-offs 5\u20136 mg\/dL with the highest AUC values (up to 0.714). Younger patients and smokers exhibited thresholds near 9\u201310 mg\/dL, while subacute STEMI presentations demonstrated lower cut-offs compared with acute infarction. These findings indicate that the prognostic value of CRP is context-dependent rather than uniform. Conclusions: Admission CRP predicts short-term mortality after STEMI, with subgroup-specific cut-offs emerging below conventional thresholds, highlighting profiles where modest inflammatory activation carries disproportionate risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:55:12Z","timestamp":1775807712000},"page":"2864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Admission C-Reactive Protein and Mortality After STEMI: A Retrospective Cohort Study Identifying Subgroup-Specific Risk Thresholds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7265-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen","family":"Kopp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Leitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3443-9943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Clodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lichtenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Hammerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uta C.","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6589-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Boxhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias C.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1216063","article-title":"Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes and Their Implications for Therapy","volume":"368","author":"Libby","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.28","article-title":"The inflammatory response in myocardial injury, repair, and remodelling","volume":"11","author":"Frangogiannis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.01.073","article-title":"Inflammation as a Driver of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"67","author":"Westman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408183310701","article-title":"The Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A Protein in Severe Unstable Angina","volume":"331","author":"Liuzzo","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women","volume":"342","author":"Ridker","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (2010). C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: An individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet, 375, 132\u2013140.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61717-7"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.778","article-title":"C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Infarct Expansion and Cardiac Rupture After a First Q-Wave Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"96","author":"Anzai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.7.855","article-title":"Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein at Discharge in Patients with Unstable Angina Predict Recurrent Instability","volume":"99","author":"Biasucci","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.06.008","article-title":"Admission C-reactive protein levels and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"115","author":"Suleiman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41530","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41530","article-title":"Preprocedural C-Reactive Protein Predicts Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction a systematic meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Mincu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Jiang, H., Dhuromsingh, M., Dai, L., Jiang, Y., and Zeng, H. (2022). Evaluation of C-reactive protein as predictor of adverse prognosis in acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 18,715 individuals. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.1013501"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.055","article-title":"Early Inflammation and Risk of Long-Term Development of Heart Failure and Mortality in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction","volume":"47","author":"Suleiman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00670.x","article-title":"The association between C-reactive protein on admission and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"247","author":"Nikfardjam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy462","article-title":"Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)","volume":"40","author":"Thygesen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","article-title":"2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs092","article-title":"European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) * Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR)","volume":"33","author":"Perk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000148980.87579.5E","article-title":"CDC\/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Report from the Laboratory Science Discussion Group","volume":"110","author":"Myers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"S0735109725075552","article-title":"Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: 2025 ACC Scientific Statement","volume":"87","author":"Mensah","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120574","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and adverse events in secondary cardiovascular prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies","volume":"412","author":"Piccolo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18323","article-title":"Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review","volume":"326","author":"Samsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901","article-title":"Early Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock","volume":"341","author":"Hochman","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303577","article-title":"The Biological Basis for Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction: From Inflammation to Fibrosis","volume":"119","author":"Prabhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1916070","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in acute myocardial infarction and the correlation with the severity of coronary heart disease","volume":"53","author":"Oprescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156696","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers and long-term outcome in young patients three months after a first myocardial infarction","volume":"182","author":"Jernberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-018-1387-z","article-title":"Plasma interleukin 6 levels are associated with cardiac function after ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"108","author":"Groot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katkenov, N., Mukhatayev, Z., Kozhakhmetov, S., Sailybayeva, A., Bekbossynova, M., and Kushugulova, A. (2024). Systematic Review on the Role of IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 in Cardiovascular Diseases. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd11070206"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI163799","article-title":"IL-6 in the infarcted heart is preferentially formed by fibroblasts and modulated by purinergic signaling","volume":"133","author":"Alter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, J.-H., Luo, M.-Y., Liang, N., Gong, S.-X., Chen, W., Huang, W.-Q., Tian, Y., and Wang, A.-P. (2021). Interleukin-6: A Novel Target for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.745061"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad486","article-title":"Inflammation in acute myocardial infarction: The good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"45","author":"Matter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-024-01259-7","article-title":"IL-6 and Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review","volume":"27","author":"Mehta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2690","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2021\/e2690","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between interleukin-6 levels and the prognosis and severity of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5989","article-title":"The Inflammasome in Myocardial Injury and Cardiac Remodeling","volume":"22","author":"Toldo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.026","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 and Risk of Premature Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction","volume":"76","author":"Silvain","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.02.049","article-title":"Randomized Trial of Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction","volume":"77","author":"Broch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., and Dhalla, N.S. (2024). The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021082"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.05.007","article-title":"EMMPRIN activates multiple transcription factors in cardiomyocytes, and induces interleukin-18 expression via Rac1-dependent PI3K\/Akt\/IKK\/NF-\u03baB andMKK7\/JNK\/AP-1 signaling","volume":"49","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24229","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.24229","article-title":"Prognostic significance of IL-18 in acute coronary syndrome patients","volume":"47","author":"Xiong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.202697","article-title":"Interleukin-18 as a Predictor of Future Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes","volume":"30","author":"Hartford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7853","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808824200","article-title":"Neutralization of Interleukin-18 Ameliorates Ischemia\/Reperfusion-induced Myocardial Injury","volume":"284","author":"Venkatachalam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12683","article-title":"The protective role of interleukin-18 binding protein in a murine model of cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"28","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.02.116","article-title":"Impact of neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio on major clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"266","author":"Dentali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38692","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000038692","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-025-04018-x","article-title":"Comparison of the prognostic value of complete blood count-derived inflammatory markers for long-term outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"20","author":"Ting","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632211004651","article-title":"Comparison of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein vs. C-reactive protein for diagnostic accuracy and prediction of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"58","author":"Hofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitsis, A., Sokratous, S., Karmioti, G., Kyriakou, M., Drakomathioulakis, M., Myrianthefs, M.M., Eftychiou, C., Kadoglou, N.P.E., Tzikas, S., and Fragakis, N. (2025). The Role of C-Reactive Protein in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Unmasking Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Insights. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14134795"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brzezinski, R.Y., Melloul, A., Berliner, S., Goldiner, I., Stark, M., Rogowski, O., Banai, S., Shenhar-Tsarfaty, S., and Shacham, Y. (2022). Early Detection of Inflammation-Prone STEMI Patients Using the CRP Troponin Test (CTT). J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092453"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.11.037","article-title":"A Test in Context","volume":"67","author":"Ridker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"92","article-title":"Relationship of Serial High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Changes to Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Stabilised Patients After Myocardial Infarction","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.01.011","article-title":"Prognostic value of cytokines and chemokines in addition to the GRACE Score in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes","volume":"411","author":"Correia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp273","article-title":"C-reactive protein improves risk prediction in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"31","author":"Schiele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2009.07.015","article-title":"The extracellular matrix as a modulator of the inflammatory and reparative response following myocardial infarction","volume":"48","author":"Dobaczewski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23017","article-title":"C-reactive protein during and after myocardial infarction in relation to cardiac injury and left ventricular function at follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Vanhaverbeke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"305","article-title":"Systemic inflammatory response following acute myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.024","article-title":"Myocardial Inflammation Predicts Remodeling and Neuroinflammation After Myocardial Infarction","volume":"71","author":"Thackeray","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-09927-x","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Lakhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01193-1","article-title":"Preprocedural C-reactive protein levels and cardiovascular events after coronary stent implantation","volume":"37","author":"Walter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-010-0516-y","article-title":"Predictive value of C-reactive protein on 30-day and 1-year mortality in acute coronary syndromes: An analysis from the ACUITY trial","volume":"31","author":"Caixeta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038010","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for the Prevention of Hospitalization for Heart Failure","volume":"139","author":"Everett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.08.013","article-title":"Systemic Review of Inflammatory Pathways and Immune Modulation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.2741","article-title":"Modification of the GRACE Risk Score for Risk Prediction in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Georgiopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.11.009","article-title":"2025 ACC\/AHA\/ACEP\/NAEMSP\/SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes","volume":"85","author":"Rao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9486-22","article-title":"Comparison of Mortality Prediction by the GRACE Score, Multiple Biomarkers, and Their Combination in All-comer Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","volume":"62","author":"Kawamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2017.025403","article-title":"CRP-Based Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: New Conventional CRP Assay Fit for Purpose?","volume":"2","author":"Golaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2864\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:31:12Z","timestamp":1775809872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/2864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15082864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15082864","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]}}}