{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:59:54Z","timestamp":1777006794144,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2026NSFSC1719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026NSFSC1719"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) creates an abrupt left-to-right shunt that can progress to cardiogenic shock (CS). Once CS develops, mortality increases dramatically and delayed repair becomes less feasible. Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) are widely used to facilitate delayed repair; however, whether initiating IABP before CS onset improves survival remains unclear. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 124 patients with AMI-related VSR (2009\u20132024), categorized by IABP timing relative to CS onset (defined as first catecholamine administration) into pre-CS, post-CS, and no-IABP groups. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 90 days after AMI onset. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were applied, with subgroup analyses by CS status. Results: The 90-day survival rate was 68.2% in the pre-CS IABP group, 14.3% in the post-CS group, and 35.1% in the no-IABP group. Pre-CS IABP was associated with significantly lower mortality compared with no-IABP (adjusted HR = 0.401, 95% CI 0.174\u20130.925, p = 0.032) and post-CS IABP (adjusted HR = 0.369, 95% CI 0.149\u20130.910, p = 0.030). In the CS subgroup, IABP use did not improve survival (19.4% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.365). Among non-CS patients, IABP use was independently associated with lower mortality (85.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.027; adjusted HR = 0.178, 95% CI 0.040\u20130.801, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Given the retrospective design and limited sample size, these findings are hypothesis-generating. Early IABP use was associated with improved short-term survival, an effect not observed once CS had developed. These findings support early risk stratification to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from timely hemodynamic support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:01:52Z","timestamp":1775822512000},"page":"2892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Use in Post-Infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture: The Impact of Timing Relative to Cardiogenic Shock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Si","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0778-4541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000985","article-title":"Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"144","author":"Damluji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.1.27","article-title":"Risk factors, angiographic patterns, and outcomes in patients with ventricular septal defect complicating acute myocardial infarction. 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