{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:09:37Z","timestamp":1776244177643,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Dysphagia leads to severe complications, but data on patient profiles are limited in T\u00fcrkiye. In this study, we present swallowing characteristics across etiologies and examine the association between a history of pneumonia and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings. Methods: This retrospective study included 1055 adults, comprising a large, heterogeneous outpatient population, referred for swallowing evaluation between 2015 and 2018. Clinical data (demographics, diagnoses, feeding status, etc.) and VFSS findings (Penetration\u2013Aspiration Scale, PAS; pharyngeal residue) for liquid and semisolid consistencies were recorded from our electronic database. Associations were initially assessed using the chi-square test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with pneumonia history. Results: Neurologic diseases (62.1%) were the most frequent diagnosis. VFSS identified liquid aspiration in 53.9% (61.8% silent) and semisolid aspiration in 20.1% (72.5% silent) of patients. Pharyngeal residue occurred in up to 10.6% of patients for liquids and 24.3% for semisolids. Diet recommendations were modified for 43.3% of patients (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, 26.6% of patients had a history of pneumonia. In unadjusted, exploratory comparisons, pneumonia history was significantly associated with higher frequencies of aspiration and silent aspiration (p &lt; 0.001), while pharyngeal residue was comparable between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that nonsilent aspiration (PAS 6\u20137) and silent aspiration (PAS 8) were associated with pneumonia history in both liquid (OR = 2.18 and 3.06) and semisolid consistencies (OR = 2.32 and 3.71), and that pharyngeal residue in semisolid consistency was also associated with pneumonia history (OR = 1.57). Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive clinical profile of dysphagia in T\u00fcrkiye, highlighting high rates of silent aspiration and the role of instrumental assessment in guiding safe feeding. While a significant association was observed between pneumonia history and impaired swallowing safety and efficiency, the retrospective nature of this study precludes causal interpretations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15082990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1776240678000},"page":"2990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical Profile of Outpatients Undergoing Swallowing Evaluation and Its Association with Pneumonia History: A Videofluoroscopic Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-0517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe K\u00fcbra","family":"S\u00f6yler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n 09010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Numan","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selen Serel","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inci Nur","family":"Saltik-Temizel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer Faruk","family":"Ya\u015faro\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Harran University, \u015eanl\u0131urfa 63300, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan Erkan","family":"Kilin\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6252-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aynur Ay\u015fe","family":"Karaduman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara 06890, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02526.x","article-title":"Effect of dysphasia and dysphagia on inpatient mortality and hospital length of stay: A database study","volume":"57","author":"Guyomard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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