{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:53:34Z","timestamp":1776272014674,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Warthin\u2019s tumor (WT) is a benign parotid neoplasm increasingly managed with tissue-preserving surgical approaches to reduce postoperative morbidity. Partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) and extracapsular dissection (ECD) are commonly performed, whereas extracapsular enucleation (EN) remains less systematically evaluated. This study compared postoperative morbidity among EN, PSP, and ECD in a matched cohort of patients with unifocal WT. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary referral center, including patients with histologically confirmed, unifocal WT treated between 2009 and 2023. A total of 360 patients were organized into 120 matched triplets (EN, PSP, ECD), with exact matching on age group and sex and balancing for smoking status, body mass index, and alcohol use. To enable comparison under technically uncomplicated conditions, cases with documented intraoperative capsular rupture or tumor spillage were excluded. The primary endpoint was overall postoperative morbidity, defined as the occurrence of at least one predefined complication. Associations between surgical technique and morbidity were assessed using conditional logistic regression, with estimation of odds ratios (ORs), absolute risk differences (RDs), and numbers needed to treat (NNT). Results: Overall complication rates were 8.3% after EN, 29.2% after ECD, and 32.5% after PSP (p &lt; 0.001). EN was associated with lower odds of postoperative complications compared with ECD (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10\u20130.50) and PSP (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.08\u20130.41). Adjusted absolute risks were 8.3% for EN, 29.3% for ECD, and 32.4% for PSP, corresponding to absolute risk differences of 21% and 24% and numbers needed to treat of 4.8 and 4.2, respectively. Conclusions: In this selected cohort of unifocal, anatomically favorable Warthin\u2019s tumors without intraoperative capsular violation, \u0395\u039d was associated with lower observed postoperative morbidity compared with ECD and PSP. These findings are context-dependent and reflect outcomes achieved under strict selection and technical conditions. Therefore, they should not be extrapolated to anatomically complex, inflamed, or diagnostically uncertain lesions. Prospective multicenter studies with standardized selection criteria are warranted to better define the role of EN in contemporary WT management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15083026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:56:56Z","timestamp":1776268616000},"page":"3026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracapsular Enucleation Versus Partial Superficial Parotidectomy and Extracapsular Dissection in Warthin\u2019s Tumor: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2361-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kostares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1332-0479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Kostares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \u201cEvangelismos\u201d General Hospital, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kakazani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Karaiskou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilda","family":"Chatzipanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4299-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kantzanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Stampouloglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Piagkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spiridon","family":"Laskaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, \u201cMetaxa\u201d Memorial Anticancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp244","article-title":"Using Time-Dependent Covariate Analysis to Elucidate the Relation of Smoking History to Warthin\u2019s Tumor Risk","volume":"170","author":"Freedman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. 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