{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T04:51:27Z","timestamp":1776487887849,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Transcatheter ablation assisted by three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomical mapping (EAM) is the elective treatment for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) in children and adolescents. In this population of patients, the most frequently employed EAM strategies are the low-voltage bridge (LVB) strategy and sinus rhythm propagation mapping (SRPM). However, the exact pathophysiology and anatomy of the AVNRT reentrant circuits are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SRPM and LVB and to shed light on nodal physiology in children and adolescents affected by AVNRT. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on pediatric patients who underwent cryoablation for AVNRT assisted by high-density 3D EAM by using the LVB strategy; maps were reviewed by two independent electrophysiologists and the SRPM was described. SRPM was defined as typical when only one collision area was identified and atypical whenever either no or \u2265 two collision areas were localized. Results: Twenty-eight consecutive patients (11.3 \u00b1 3.3 years) were enrolled. All procedures were acutely successful. Overall, atypical SRPM was present in 10 patients (35.7%), and it did not correlate with the presence of multiple SPs or electrophysiological data. Moreover, we observed an imperfect concordance between SRPM and LVB (only in 10\/18 patients). When SRPM and LVB were assessed in different locations, the LVB identified the effective cryoablation site in more cases than SRPM (4\/8 vs. 1\/8). Lastly, in cases of double collision, one collision area co-localized with the LVB and the effective cryoablation spot, whereas the other was located superiorly, closer to the His bundle. Conclusions: Atypical sinus rhythm propagation in the Koch\u2019s triangle is a frequent finding in pediatric AVNRT patients. In this series, LVB showed closer concordance with the successful cryolesion site than retrospectively reconstructed SRPM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15083058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:14:12Z","timestamp":1776352452000},"page":"3058","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sinus Rhythm Propagation and Low-Voltage Bridge in Koch\u2019s Triangle: How They Relate in Cryoablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7745-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Flore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Lioncino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4361-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro Paolo","family":"Tamborrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1851-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Pazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3714-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Garozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo Stefano","family":"Silvetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1888-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmias Complex Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, Piazza Sant\u2019Onofrio, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drago, F., Flore, F., Raimondo, C., and Pandozi, C. 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Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/3058\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T04:15:20Z","timestamp":1776485720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/8\/3058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15083058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15083058","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}