{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:57:03Z","timestamp":1776689823820,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Digital media play an important role in the lives of contemporary adolescents. While associated with many benefits, they also pose risks to physical health related to prolonged screen time and non-ergonomic body posture. This study analyzed the frequency of self-reported physical complaints among Polish adolescents in relation to time spent on different screen-based activities. Methods: The study included 9083 students aged 13\u201317 who completed an online survey in March and April 2024 in schools located in western Poland (approximately 30% of the region\u2019s student population). Physical symptoms selected from the HBSC-SCL instrument were analyzed and supplemented with neck or shoulder pain and eye strain. Results: Longer screen time was associated with more frequent occurrence of all analyzed complaints. A 5-item index ranging from 0 to 20 points was proposed, including headache, neck or shoulder pain, eye strain, dizziness, and problems falling asleep (mean 6.56 \u00b1 5.15). The index showed reliability at the level of \u03b1 = 0.744 and good model fit according to CFA (RMSEA = 0.025). In a multivariate linear regression model (R2 = 0.153), after adjusting for age, gender, place of residence, and family affluence, the variability of this index was most strongly associated with time spent on social media (\u03b2 = 0.40) and browsing websites (\u03b2 = 0.30). Gender-specific models were also compared. Conclusions: The results confirm the co-occurrence of physical complaints during adolescence and a significant association between their severity and screen-based activities, particularly engagement in social media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15083130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"3130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caring for the \u2018Heads-Down Generation\u2019: Screen Time and Physical Health Complaints Among Adolescents in Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3937-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Mazur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanization of Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-2511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicja","family":"Kozakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanization of Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Porwit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Kleszczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Health Sociology, Education and Medical Communication, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Bia\u0142orudzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Izdebski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanization of Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Aspects of Development and Sexology, Faculty of Education, University of Warsaw, 00-561 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrijvers, K., Cosma, A., Potrebny, T., Thorsteinsson, E., Catunda, C., Reiss, F., Hulbert, S., Kosti\u010dov\u00e1, M., Melkumova, M., and Bersia, M. 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