{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:44:27Z","timestamp":1776854667819,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: In late adulthood, the increasing prevalence of diabetes overlaps with the highest prevalence of postural instability. A cross-sectional study was designed to explore the combined influence of age, gender, history of COVID-19 quadriceps strength, and Body Mass Index (B.M.I.) on the postural stability of adults with\/without diabetes, under a variety of sensory conditions. Methods: A total of 263 adults aged 21 to 82 years old accepted to participate, 99 with and 164 without diabetes. They had no history of vestibular\/otology\/neurology\/autoimmune\/orthopedic disease or proliferative retinopathy\/severe renal dysfunction\/traumatic injury. After clinical and vestibular evaluations, postural sway was recorded on hard\/soft surface, eyes open\/closed, and without\/with 30\u00b0 neck extension. Bivariate analysis and repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance were performed with 0.05 significance. Results: In the two groups, two thirds of the participants had excess weight and almost half had history of COVID-19. Overall conditions, gender and diabetes were the main factors contributing to sway area (multiple R = 0.28\u20130.31, p \u2264 0.001) and to sway length (multiple R = 0.34\u20130.47, p \u2264 0.00001). Compared to adults without diabetes, in those with diabetes, the age was not related to sway measurements; with contribution to sway from history of COVID-19 and quadriceps strength, and decreased contribution of the study variables to both the anterior\u2013posterior position of the center of pressure and ankle movement (velocity as a function of the anterior\u2013posterior position of the center of pressure) (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Diabetes may interfere with the influence of individual cofactors contributing to postural sway, including decreased influence of age and reduced ankle movement. A history of mild\u2013moderate COVID-19 may have influence on postural control in varied sensory conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15093178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T09:01:24Z","timestamp":1776848484000},"page":"3178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Postural Instability with History of COVID-19 Influence Related to Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrine","family":"J\u00e1uregui-Renaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1226-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ad\u00e1n","family":"Miguel-Puga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"Tirado-Mondrag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Li, X., Sun, D., Geng, K., Wei, M., Liu, J., and Lu, J. 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