{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T01:11:56Z","timestamp":1789780316173,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aims to systematically review the current literature on the application of radiomic features and artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis and prognosis of common peripheral nerve-related conditions, including carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin abnormalities (POEMS) syndrome, and in distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2019 and September 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised studies that used radiomics or AI-based radiomics approaches with diagnostic or prognostic purposes in peripheral nerve disorders. Results: A total of 40 studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 9 studies employed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including one combined with PET\/CT, while 8 used ultrasound (US). Most studies were retrospective and limited by small sample sizes, lack of external validation, and predominance of single-center designs. Conclusions: Since a seminal study published in 2019, there has been increasing evidence supporting the role of radiomics and AI in improving the diagnosis and prognosis of peripheral nerve disorders, particularly using MRI and US. However, significant challenges remain, including variability in imaging data, segmentation complexity, and limited availability of validated datasets. Future advancements in imaging technologies and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential to enhance clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15093262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T14:28:23Z","timestamp":1777040903000},"page":"3262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiomics Applied to the Diagnosis of Peripheral Nerve Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Existing Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Armato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Structure Radiology Ponente, Santa Corona Hospital, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8568-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Susi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"(DIMES) Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7450-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Picasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Macci\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2103-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Pistoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Zaottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"(DISSAL) Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Martinoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"(DISSAL) Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Santa Corona Hospital, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Bignotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Stefano","family":"Tagliafico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"(DISSAL) Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e2408069","article-title":"From Images to Genes: Radiogenomics Based on Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Non-Invasive Precision Medicine in Cancer Patients","volume":"13","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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