{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T23:44:32Z","timestamp":1777765472310,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Simultaneous robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and nephroureterectomy (RARNU) offers a minimally invasive alternative to open approach for patients with synchronous bladder and upper urinary tract cancers, as well as in selected benign conditions. This study presents our single-center experience and also includes a review of the relevant literature. Methods: All patients undergoing combined RARC and RARNU between 2016 and 2023 were retrospectively identified. Clinical and demographic data\u2014including preoperative pathology, operative and re-docking times, estimated blood loss, complications (Clavien\u2013Dindo system), surgical margins, recurrence, morbidity, and follow-up\u2014were collected. A rapid review of the literature was also conducted. Results: From 2016 to 2023, 10 patients (mean age 67.4 years, range 56\u201377) underwent combined RARC and RARNU for upper\/lower tract urothelial malignancy. Mean re-docking time was 68.2 min (range 51\u2013100), mean operative time 524.5 min (range 380\u2013690), and mean blood loss 427 cc (range 75\u20131170). A Pfannenstiel incision was used for en bloc specimen extraction, with no complications or incisional hernias. One case was converted to open surgery, and two required extracorporeal diversion. Postoperatively, five Grade 2 complications were reported, along with one Grade 3, and one Grade 5. All surgical margins were negative. Mean hospital stay was 11.5 days (range 5\u201329). At a mean follow-up of 21.7 months, one patient had become dialysis-dependent and one had experienced recurrence requiring further surgery. The review of the literature included 74 patients with comparable outcomes. Conclusions: Combined RARC and RARNU is a feasible, minimally invasive option for selected patients. Although technically demanding, it offers acceptable safety and should be performed in high-volume, specialized centers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15093411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T15:01:18Z","timestamp":1777474878000},"page":"3411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy and Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy for Synchronous High-Risk Upper Urinary Tract and Bladder Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1972-0206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Kostakopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Urology, Metropolitan General Hospital, 15562 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Evmorfopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2644-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Maresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Ninewells Hospital, NHS Tayside, Dundee DD2 1UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigorios","family":"Athanasiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian,  Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Kostakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Urology, Metropolitan General Hospital, 15562 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Dimitropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2010.0602","article-title":"Simultaneous Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy and Cystectomy in Patients with Uremia and Multifocal Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Ou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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