{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:51:24Z","timestamp":1777899084679,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The management of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) within cardiac intensive care units (CICUs) is undergoing a significant transformation. This review aims to analyze the historical transition from a narrow focus on arrhythmia-specific treatments toward on the multidisciplinary heart rhythm team. Methods: A narrative revies was conducted. Results: Effective management of electrical storm (ES) requires prompt attenuation of sympathetic hyperactivity, with a preference for non-selective beta-blockers and the implementation of deep sedation. The use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has emerged as a mechanical antiarrhythmic strategy by facilitating ventricular unloading and reducing myocardial wall stress. Furthermore, early catheter ablation, guided by 3D electroanatomical mapping and advanced imaging, has proven superior to salvage procedures for stabilizing the arrhythmic substrate. Finally, the integration of palliative care ensures ethical stewardship during refractory shock. Conclusions: Modern VAs management in the CICUs represents a convergence of technology, biology, and multidisciplinary coordination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15093459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:33:17Z","timestamp":1777627997000},"page":"3459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidisciplinary Approach to Ventricular Arrhythmias in the CICU: Integrating Mechanical Circulatory Support, Ablation, and Emerging Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7060-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Mauriello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S.C. Cardiology, Institute National Cancer, IRCCS, Fondazione \u201cG. Pascale\u201d, Via M. Semmola 52, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Correra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Ospedali Riuniti University Hospital, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Chiara","family":"Maratea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Disease, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Via Comunale del Principe, 13\/a, 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Cetoretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Marche Polytechnic University, University Hospital \u201cOspedali Riuniti\u201d, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4119-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Giallauria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Desiderio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, Via Alfonso De Nicola 1, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sabatella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, Via Alfonso De Nicola 1, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, Via Alfonso De Nicola 1, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biagio","family":"Liccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, \u201cV. Monaldi\u201d Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi SNC, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9227-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, \u201cV. Monaldi\u201d Hospital, Via Leonardo Bianchi SNC, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Trambaiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via Monti Tiburtini, 287, 00157 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"D\u2019Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiology, \u201cUmberto I\u201d Hospital, Via Alfonso De Nicola 1, 84014 Nocera Inferiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.018","article-title":"The (R) Evolution of the CICU: Better for the patient, better for education","volume":"72","author":"Fuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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