{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:55:22Z","timestamp":1784933722726,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus responsible for severe nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) strains has become a significant challenge for infection control and antimicrobial therapy worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical A. baumannii isolates recovered from a multi-profile hospital in years 2020\u20132024 in Lodz, Poland. Methods: Clinical isolates from various specimen types (blood, urine, wound swabs, biopsies, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) were obtained during routine microbiological diagnostics. Identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted using the automated VITEK\u00ae2 system with EUCAST\/CLSI interpretive criteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for colistin were determined by broth microdilution. Carbapenemase production was assessed using the Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM) and immunochromatographic assays for OXA-23, OXA-40\/58, and NDM detection. Results: A total of 244 A. baumannii isolates were recovered over the study period. Susceptibility to carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem) declined markedly, with resistance exceeding 90% by 2023\u20132024. Aminoglycosides exhibited variable activity, with gentamicin demonstrating the highest susceptibility rates (up to 88% in 2022). Resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime remained consistently high (&gt;90% in 2023\u20132024). No fully susceptible isolates were identified for ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The high prevalence of CRAB strains highlights the urgent need for effective infection control measures, optimized antimicrobial stewardship, and consideration of novel treatment options in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15093505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:12:09Z","timestamp":1777857129000},"page":"3505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Susceptibility Profiles of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates in a Multi-Profile Hospital in Years 2020\u20132024 in Lodz, Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4980-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Bekier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4446-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Bielec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Gr\u0119dysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Mia\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7602-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Pastuszak-Lewandoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Brauncajs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Central Teaching Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyriakidis, I., Vasileiou, E., Pana, Z.D., and Tragiannidis, A. 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