{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:11:16Z","timestamp":1778155876673,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Testicular irradiation presents technical challenges due to the temperature-dependent cremasteric reflex causing positional variability, yet detailed immobilization protocols addressing this issue and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based setup data remain lacking. This formative and preliminary single-patient descriptive technical report describes a temperature-controlled immobilization technique and reports preliminary setup observations from its clinical application. Methods: A 74-year-old male with primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) received prophylactic contralateral testicular irradiation. The immobilization protocol combined a custom thermoplastic device with infrared warming to maintain the scrotal surface temperature at 36\u201336.5 \u00b0C, intended to facilitate a relaxed scrotal position prior to and during each fraction under temperature-controlled conditions. Treatment was delivered using a three-field three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) technique (30.6 Gy in 17 fractions), and seven CBCT scans were used to document interfraction setup measurements. Results: The treatment was completed as planned with adequate target coverage (clinical target volume [CTV] D97% = 100%) and minimal organ-at-risk (OAR) doses. Setup measurements showed a CTV root-mean-square displacement (RMS) of 3.8 mm and a mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.85, while the testis alone showed an RMS of 5.2 mm and a mean DSC of 0.73. Conclusions: The temperature-controlled immobilization technique was feasibly implemented, and the setup measurements observed during its application showed a CTV RMS of 3.8 mm and a mean DSC of 0.85. These findings may provide a practical reference for institutions encountering this rare clinical scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15103568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:39:47Z","timestamp":1778150387000},"page":"3568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temperature-Controlled Immobilization for Testicular Irradiation: A Technical Report of a Single Case"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3171-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungyong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4835-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2962-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euncheol","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7612-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Hee","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Rok","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7191-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungwook","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8458-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myeongsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Jun","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, B., Cao, D.-H., Lai, L., Guo, J.-B., Chen, Z.-Y., Huang, Y., Qiu, S., Lin, T.-H., Gou, Y., and Ma, N. 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