{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:59:17Z","timestamp":1792292357568,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common yet underrecognized neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations and an irresistible urge to move he legs, typically following a circadian pattern. RLS frequently co-occurs with various other neurological diseases, raising questions about shared mechanisms and clinical consequences. This review synthesizes evidence on the prevalence, outcomes, and pathophysiology of RLS in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine, dementia, stroke, epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy. In Parkinson\u2019s disease, RLS is linked to disease progression and dopaminergic therapy. In stroke and multiple sclerosis, RLS is associated with structural lesions at specific locations, such as the pons or spinal cord. In epilepsy, RLS is associated with refractory or nocturnal seizures. In neuropathies, disruption of small sensory fibers may contribute to RLS symptoms. In dementia, RLS adds diagnostic complexity. Overlapping mechanisms between RLS and its neurological comorbidities include altered sensorimotor processing, brainstem and spinal circuitry, and sleep\/arousal regulation. RLS in neurological conditions often worsens sleep quality, mood, and fatigue, and contributes to reduced quality of life and worse outcomes. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs, standardized diagnostic approaches, and mechanistically driven studies to clarify relationships between RLS and these neurological comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15103725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T16:04:36Z","timestamp":1778601876000},"page":"3725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Restless Legs Syndrome and Neurological Comorbidities: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kyrillos","family":"Ghattas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwoon","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanna","family":"Fast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jefferson Sleep Disorders Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome\/willis-ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: Updated international restless legs syndrome study group (irlssg) consensus criteria\u2014History, rationale, description, and significance","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002542","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases: A systematic review and new concept","volume":"86","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13288-6","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome in parkinson\u2019s disease: Epidemiology, pathogenetic overlaps, and clinical management","volume":"272","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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