{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:43:58Z","timestamp":1785437038968,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25476477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25476477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2026-25476477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25476477"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007551","name":"Hallym University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ydxj072","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) remains the most frequent and clinically relevant adverse event after ERCP. Although several preventive measures are supported by current evidence, their application in routine practice is often fragmented across the pre-procedural, intra-procedural, and post-procedural phases of care. As a result, patients with evolving risk may not receive timely escalation of prophylaxis or appropriately tailored post-procedural monitoring. This review provides a pragmatic clinical framework for integrating evidence-based PEP prevention with early post-ERCP risk stratification. We summarize baseline risk assessment before ERCP, distinguish routinely applicable preventive measures from strategies reserved for selected high-risk situations, and emphasize the importance of intra-procedural reassessment when procedural events such as difficult cannulation or unintended pancreatic duct manipulation increase risk in real time. We further discuss the role of early symptom assessment and post-procedural amylase\/lipase measurement in supporting triage decisions, including selective observation, admission, or same-day discharge in appropriately selected patients. This integrated approach may improve consistency in routine ERCP care while highlighting important limitations related to generalizability, local resources, and implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15103917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:17:23Z","timestamp":1779203843000},"page":"3917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventing Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: A Pragmatic Clinical Pathway from Periprocedural Prophylaxis to Early Postprocedural Triage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Se Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3683-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Achemlal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit I, Mohamed V Military Training Hospital, Mohamed V University, Rabat 10045, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9175-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyong Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2078-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Hee","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1075-4080","article-title":"ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"52","author":"Dumonceau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl250359","article-title":"Prevention, Detection, and Management of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis","volume":"19","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/den.15004","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for post-ERCP pancreatitis 2023","volume":"37","author":"Mukai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e053302","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053302","article-title":"Adverse events associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Forbes","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111103","article-title":"A randomized trial of rectal indomethacin to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis","volume":"366","author":"Elmunzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.026","article-title":"Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer\u2019s solution reduces pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography","volume":"12","author":"Buxbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02013-9","article-title":"Does prophylactic pancreatic stent placement reduce the risk of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562848231155984","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231155984","article-title":"Prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: Current strategies and novel perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Mascagni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"420","article-title":"Use of Prophylactic Pancreatic Stents for the Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis","volume":"11","author":"Freeman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.10.005","article-title":"American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention strategies: Summary and recommendations","volume":"97","author":"Buxbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"286","article-title":"A Review of Prevention of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis","volume":"14","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377875","article-title":"Prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline\u2014Updated June 2014","volume":"46","author":"Dumonceau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E952","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1793-9508","article-title":"Early prediction of post-ERCP pancreatitis by post-procedure amylase and lipase levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Goyal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.11.1814","article-title":"Prediction of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis Using 4-Hour Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Serum Amylase and Lipase Levels","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111265","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i39.111265","article-title":"Early risk stratification of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis using 4-hour serum amylase and lipase: A prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Jung","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8544","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913314","article-title":"Risk Factors for Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: Evidence from 1786 Cases","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.136","article-title":"Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis in high- and low-volume centers and among expert and non-expert operators: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"105","author":"Testoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP101604","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101604.3","article-title":"A new preprocedural predictive risk model for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: The SuPER model","volume":"13","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nawacki, L., Bociek, A., Bielejewska, A., Gorczyca-Glowacka, I., and Gluszek, S. (2025). More Than Just a Complication: Post-ERCP Pancreatitis and Its Clinical Determinants in over 800 Procedures. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196916"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2023.12320","article-title":"Risk factors for post-retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with common bile duct stones: A meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30216","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030271","article-title":"Post-ERCP pancreatitis: Frequency and risk stratification from four tertiary care referral hospitals in South East Asia","volume":"101","author":"Parvin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2011.01.019","article-title":"Difficult biliary cannulation during ERCP: How to facilitate biliary access and minimize the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis","volume":"43","author":"Testoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i14.4093","article-title":"Effect of precut sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Choudhary","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8617","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8617","article-title":"Need for pancreatic stenting after sphincterotomy in patients with difficult cannulation","volume":"20","author":"Nakahara","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.08.032","article-title":"Quality indicators for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography","volume":"103","author":"Anderson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl230427","article-title":"Quality Indicators of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Korea","volume":"18","author":"Chon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14442","article-title":"Efficacy of pancreatic duct stenting to prevent postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis after covered self-expandable metal stent deployment","volume":"35","author":"Toyonaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"440","article-title":"Increased capture of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography adverse events by delayed (day 7) follow-up calls: A prospective comparison of physician- and nurse-initiated calls","volume":"38","author":"Barakat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H., Miao, C., Fang, W., Deng, Y., Li, X., Du, T., and Tian, H. (2025). Efficacy of hydration combined with rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus NSAIDs alone for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04192-4"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027530","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1027530","article-title":"Use of NSAIDs via the Rectal Route for the Prevention of Pancreatitis after ERCP in All-Risk Patients: An Updated Meta-Analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.08.021","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: A meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/den.15043","article-title":"New milestone in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) safety: Key insights from the 2023 Guidelines on Post-ERCP Pancreatitis Prevention and Management","volume":"37","author":"Hijioka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2025.02.004","article-title":"Why is the rectal route for NSAIDS favorable for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis?","volume":"25","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13744","article-title":"Systematic review: Periprocedural hydration in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis","volume":"44","author":"Smeets","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2019.07.046","article-title":"Peri-Procedural Aggressive Hydration for Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Pancreatitis Prophylaxsis: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"19","author":"Radadiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002903","article-title":"Tailored Hydration With Lactated Ringer\u2019s Solution for Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"119","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caban, M., Zatorski, H., and Malecka-Wojciesko, E. (2025). Fluid Therapy in Acute Pancreatitis-Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18111601"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E933","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1834-6568","article-title":"Efficacy of aggressive hydration with normal saline versus lactated Ringer\u2019s solution for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.04.026","article-title":"Lactated Ringer\u2019s Solution Reduces Systemic Inflammation Compared With Saline in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e084052","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084052","article-title":"Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer\u2019s solution versus plasma solution for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (ALPS study): Protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Cho","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.06.007","article-title":"Vigorous Periprocedural Hydration With Lactated Ringer\u2019s Solution Reduces the Risk of Pancreatitis After Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Hospitalized Patients","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00057-1","article-title":"Aggressive Fluid Hydration Plus Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Versus Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Alone for Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis (FLUYT): A Multicentre, Open-Label, Randomised, Controlled Trial","volume":"6","author":"Weiland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7577","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i24.7577","article-title":"Updated meta-analysis of pancreatic stent placement in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis","volume":"21","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.10.039","article-title":"Pancreatic stents for prophylaxis against post-ERCP pancreatitis: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Choudhary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09808-4","article-title":"Aggressive hydration for preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Trial sequential analysis","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08693-2","article-title":"Preventive Measures and Risk Factors for Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis","volume":"69","author":"Akshintala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-010-0234-4","article-title":"Meta-Analysis: Somatostatin or Its Long-Acting Analogue, Octreotide, for Prophylaxis Against Post-ERCP Pancreatitis","volume":"45","author":"Omata","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31816c90a1","article-title":"Prophylactic Octreotide Administration Does Not Prevent Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"37","author":"Bai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200412000-00009","article-title":"Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis With Protease Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Seta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aydin, M.K., and Tuncer, M.C. (2026). Risk Factors for Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Impact of Transpancreatic Septotomy, Needle-Knife Precut, and Duodenal Diverticulum in 1226 Procedures. J. Clin. Med., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15020504"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v2.i3.97","article-title":"Management of difficult bile duct cannulation in ERCP","volume":"2","author":"Udd","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl19304","article-title":"Difficult Biliary Cannulation from the Perspective of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: Identifying the Optimal Timing for the Rescue Cannulation Technique","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"64","article-title":"Difficult Biliary Cannulation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Definitions, Risk Factors, and Implications","volume":"9","author":"Fung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Med. J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.11.018","article-title":"Identification of risk factors associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with easy cannulation: A prospective multicenter observational study (with videos)","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillip, V., Schwab, M., Haf, D., and Algul, H. (2017). Identification of risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in a high volume center. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177874"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozma, M.A., Angelescu, C., Haidar, A., Mateescu, R.B., and Diaconu, C.C. (2025). Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies for Post-ERCP Pancreatitis in Patients with Biliopancreatic Disorders and Acute Cholangitis: A Study from a Romanian Tertiary Hospital. Biomedicines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030727"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2014.11.005","article-title":"Risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000480","article-title":"Primary Needle-Knife Fistulotomy Versus Conventional Cannulation Method in a High-Risk Cohort of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis","volume":"115","author":"Jang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323\u20132332 e2321\u20132329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.023","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Admission After Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography","volume":"13","author":"Cote","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, Y., Liu, Q., Fan, H., He, W., Zhang, C., Ouyang, X., Li, E., Wang, X., Qiu, L., and Dong, H. (2025). Risk prediction model for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 20.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332378"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000003134","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography discharge tool combined with rapid trypsinogen-2 test to predict same-day discharge: A prospective cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Memon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114786","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i48.114786","article-title":"Harnessing early enzymatic biomarkers and cytokines for risk prediction in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis","volume":"31","author":"Bouayad","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14718","article-title":"Postprocedure Serum Amylase or Lipase Levels Predict Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies and Utility Assessment","volume":"36","author":"Hirota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.10.028","article-title":"The \u201cScope\u201d of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis","volume":"92","author":"Parekh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/10\/3917\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:15:03Z","timestamp":1779509703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/15\/10\/3917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm15103917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm15103917","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]}}}