{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:13:14Z","timestamp":1785420794571,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["CUP I53C22001440006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP I53C22001440006"]}]},{"award":["CUP I53C22001440006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP I53C22001440006"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Radiogenomics integrates quantitative imaging features with genomic and molecular data to better characterize tumor biology and support precision oncology. While extensively investigated in solid tumors, its application to hematologic malignancies remains relatively unexplored despite the widespread use of advanced imaging in lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to December 2025 for studies investigating radiogenomic associations in hematologic malignancies. Study quality was assessed using PROBAST and METRICS. Two reviewers independently screened all records and performed data extraction through consensus. Results: Twelve studies were included, covering multiple myeloma and various lymphoma subtypes (aggressive B-cell lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and primary CNS lymphoma). Imaging modalities included PET\/CT, MRI and CT. Across studies, radiomic and imaging-derived features were associated with cytogenetic abnormalities, gene expression profiles, and circulating tumor DNA metrics. In multiple myeloma, MRI and CT-based radiomics showed promising ability to predict high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. In lymphoma, PET-derived volumetric and dissemination features correlated with molecular risk profiles and tumor microenvironment characteristics. Several studies demonstrated improved prognostic performance when imaging features were combined with genomic or clinical variables. Conclusions: Radiogenomic approaches in hematologic malignancies show promising potential for non-invasive risk stratification and improved prognostic assessment. However, current evidence remains limited by small cohorts, heterogeneous methodologies, and a lack of external validation. Prospective multicenter studies and standardized imaging\u2013genomic pipelines will be essential to enable clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15114048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:45:08Z","timestamp":1779673508000},"page":"4048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radiogenomics in Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Formica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayane","family":"Aghakhanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7873-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Baccolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8065-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca Pia","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Claudio","family":"Fanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4161-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Francischello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4573-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Migliara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duccio","family":"Volterrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo Antonio","family":"Lencioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Villari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7950-4559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology, SIRM Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5120-886X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dania","family":"Cioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Radiology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouziana, S. 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