{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:06:12Z","timestamp":1779890772556,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) represent a high-risk complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Racial and ethnic disparities in the management and in-hospital outcomes of AMI with VAs remain incompletely understood. Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample, we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospitalizations in which AMI was complicated by VAs from 2002 to 2022. Hospitalizations were stratified by race\/ethnicity including White, Black, Hispanic, and other racial\/ethnic groups. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared across groups. Results: We identified 902,398 hospitalizations in which AMI was complicated by VAs, of which 78.2% occurred among White, 9.6% among Black, 6.3% among Hispanic, and 5.9% among patients of other racial\/ethnic groups. Compared with White patients, Hispanic (aOR 1.21; CI 1.14\u20131.28) and patients in other racial\/ethnic groups (aOR 1.31; CI 1.24\u20131.39) had higher odds of in-hospital mortality while Black patients had similar odds. In terms of procedural utilization, Black (aOR 0.65; CI 0.62\u20130.68), Hispanic (aOR 0.82; CI 0.77\u20130.86), and other racial\/ethnic groups (aOR 0.89; CI 0.85\u20130.94) all had lower odds of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) relative to White patients. Black patients also had lower odds of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (aOR 0.69; CI 0.64\u20130.74) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) insertion (aOR 0.84; CI 0.74\u20130.96) compared with White patients during admission. Conclusions: Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the prevalence, management, and in-hospital outcomes of AMI complicated by VAs. Further efforts are needed to address differences in care in this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15114132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1779885116000},"page":"4132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Ventricular Arrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maninder","family":"Randhawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4928-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5512-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3693-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Guyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1801-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron","family":"Schaecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Elzalabany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-8602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinav","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beacon Kalamazoo Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI 49048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagadeesh K.","family":"Kalavakunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beacon Kalamazoo Hospital, Kalamazoo, MI 49048, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhosh K. G.","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.05.015","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction: A 20-year community study","volume":"151","author":"Henkel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.59249\/LSWK8578","article-title":"Arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"96","author":"Frampton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. 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