{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:07:28Z","timestamp":1780636048293,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP26102763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP26102763"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathogenic factor in metabolic syndrome and related diseases. It is challenging to accurately measure IR due to high cost and technical complexity. TyG-derived indices have been proposed as simple and reliable surrogates for assessing insulin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the association between TyG-derived indices and indicators of mineral metabolism and bone quality and to examine sex-specific differences. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 330 adults aged 18\u201365 years. Age-adjusted partial correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine the associations between TyG indices and several metabolic parameters, minerals, and QUS bone indices. Results: TyG\u2013BMI was strongly correlated with triglycerides (females: r = 0.51; males: r = 0.54, both p &lt; 0.001), glucose (females: r = 0.54, p &lt; 0.001), and hip circumference (females: r = 0.77; males: r = 0.58, both p &lt; 0.001). HDL showed inverse associations (females: r = \u22120.41, p &lt; 0.001). In females, TyG\u2013BMI demonstrated modest positive correlations with bone parameters, including BQI (r = 0.21, p = 0.002), T-score and Z-score (r = 0.21, p = 0.002 for both), SOS (r = 0.19, p = 0.007), and BUA (r = 0.18, p = 0.010), whereas no significant associations were observed in males. In multivariable models, TyG\u2013BMI in females remained independently associated with glucose (\u03b2 = 9.77, p &lt; 0.001), waist circumference (\u03b2 = 2.94, p &lt; 0.001), and HDL (\u03b2 = \u221226.6, p &lt; 0.001), but not with mineral or bone parameters. Conclusions: The TyG-derived indices, most notably TyG\u2013BMI, are useful indicators of metabolic status that correlate with bone quality yet exhibit sex-specific associations. These findings support the role of TyG-derived indices as accessible surrogate markers of metabolic status and demonstrate sex-specific associations with bone quality parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15114226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:36:18Z","timestamp":1780076178000},"page":"4226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TyG\u2013BMI as a Marker of Metabolic Status and Its Association with Bone Quality and Mineral Metabolism: A Sex-Specific Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Assel","family":"Anarbayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9120-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karlygash","family":"Sadykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnaz","family":"Nuskabayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5341-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nursultan","family":"Nurdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurgul","family":"Zholdassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilfuza","family":"Mamraimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulzira","family":"Baimakhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinara","family":"Azizkhojayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirozhiddin","family":"Irismetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoira","family":"Isanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand 140100, Uzbekistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7519-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugilzhan","family":"Tatykayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan 161200, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chamarthi, V.S., Garg, C., and Daley, S.F. 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